Prostate cancer Flashcards
prostate cancer is a ______ cancer in men
common
prostate cancer is ____ in Cancer death
3rd (after lung & colorectal)
most men with prostate cancer are _______
older, men with prostate cancer over 85% are over 65 dont often get in young men but if you do tends to be aggressive)
why is the diagnosis of prostate cancer usually delayed?
because there are no early mnfts
who as it increased risk for prostate cancer?
men over 50
98% of prostate cancers are _______
adenocarcinomas
what are adenocarcinomas?
malignancy in glandular epithelium
patho of prostate cacner?
- approx 98% are adenocarcinomas (glandular epithelial cancer)
- increase in size of prostate, not as great as BPH
- peripheral & multicentric (away from urethra)
- variable appearance - extension to bladder & seminal vesicles
- metastasis to bone, liver & lungs (via blood & lymph)(richly vascularized and large)
when do the mnfts of prostate cancer appear?
after invasion or metastasis
how do you diagnose prostate cancer?
- history, physical exam (exclude BPH)
- DRE (digital rectal exam) PSA are screens, PSA can also be used as a diagnostic test
how do you diagnose prostate cancer?
- history, physical exam (exclude BPH)
- DRE (digital rectal exam) PSA are screens, PSA can also be used as a diagnostic test
- ultrasound (for location of tumor) ultrasound will guide biopsy (need biopsy for tissue sample, biopsy can be done trans-urethral)
what is the problem with using PSA as a diagnostic test
Total PSA will tell you something is going on in prostate doesn’t specify BPH or cancer
Treatment of Prostate cancer?
- stage, grade & age based
- if cancer is localized it is low risk (so treatment can be active surveillance)
- anti-androgens (ex. estorgen) (inhibits growth of cancer does not get rid of cancer)
- radical prostatectomey ( removal of prostate & seminal vesicles, usually done in early state)
- radiation
treatment of prostate cancer is ____, _____ & ____ based
stage, grade & age based
