Lung cancer Flashcards

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1
Q

there is ____ and ____ lung cancer

A

primary and secondary

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2
Q

lung cancer is one of the leading causes of _____

A

death

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3
Q

90% of lung cancer is _________

A

bronchogeneic

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4
Q

lung cancer is aggressive, invasive & metastatic there is often mets to______, ______ & ______

A

bone, liver & brain

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5
Q

there are ____ major primary types of lung caner

A

4

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6
Q

the four major types of lung cancer are separated into two categories what are these?

A
  • SCLC: small cell lung cancer

- NSCLC: non small cell lung cancer

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7
Q

what are the 4 major primary types of lung cancer

A
SCLC-small cell lung cancer
-small cell carcinoma (aprox 12%) 
NSCLC-non small cell lung cancer
-large cell carcinoma (aprox 12%)
-squamous cell carcinoma (aprox 30%)
-adenocarcinoma (aprox 30%)
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8
Q

what is the etiology of lung cancer

A
  • remember always a carcinogen that gives rise to a mutation then mutation causes lung cancer
  • smoking (greater than 85%)
  • marijuana
  • toxins(eg. asbestos)
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9
Q

patho of small cell carcinoma

A
  • in smokers (99%)
  • small oval cells
  • aggressive, invasive, early mets (esp to brain)
  • mets at Dx( approx 70%)
  • paraneoplastic syndromes (eg. SIADH, cushings)
  • non-resectable (cannot surgically remove malignancy d/t characteristic of tumor)
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10
Q

what are paraneoplastic syndromes

A

dont call an eptopic tumor but the same as an eptopic tumor, cells secrete hormone like substances

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11
Q

Patho of adenocarcionma

A
  • most common type
  • in women and in non-smokers
  • origin in alveoli or bronchioles (peripheral in respiratory system & final airways opposed to central which would be tracheal)
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12
Q

what is adenocarcinoma?

A

malignant tumor formed form glandular epithelial tissue

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13
Q

patho of squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • more common in men
  • origin in central bronchi-central origin
  • intraluminal
  • spreads to hilar nodes(hilar region, region in organ where major vessels, structures or ducts enter & leave)
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14
Q

patho large cell carcinoma

A
  • large, undifferentiated cells
  • peripheral origin (distal respiratory tract)
  • early mets
  • poor prognosis
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15
Q

mnfts of lung cancer depend on

A

type of cancer, site
extent, mets
-paraneoplastic synromes

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16
Q

what are some mnfts of lung cancer

A
  • pain
  • hemoptysis (coughing up blood because blood vessels damaged, exacterbate (make worse) by coughing it up)
  • if central lung cancer can impair ventilation causing coughing, wheezing, dyspnea
  • cardiac mnfts- may cause cardiac output to suffer because problems with lungs and oxygenation of blood might decrease causing a decrease in cardiac output
17
Q

diagnosing lung cancer

A
  • history, physical exam
  • x-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI
  • cytology(sputum or bronchial wash) asses for malignant cells in sputum, if not adequate sputum do bronchial wash were you collect cells and see if they are neoplastic
  • bronchoscopy, biopsy (for staging & grading)
18
Q

treatment of Small cell lung cancer

A

-chemo & radiation

19
Q

treatment of non small cell lung cancer

A

-surgery, radiation & chemo (surgery is an option)

20
Q

lung cancer treatment has a __________

A

poor prognosis