Fractures Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a fracture?

A

-break in continuity of bone

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2
Q

_____ are the most common bone lesion

A

fractures

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3
Q

fractures have many ________ for example

A

classifications for example cause, location, pattern(of actual fracture) & type

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4
Q

what are the 2 simple classifications for fractures?

A

simple (closed) fracture
compound (open) fracture
if skin is broken compound fracture if skin intact simple fracture

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5
Q

what is the etiology and patho of fractures?

A
  • force overload
  • from 3 categories:
    - trauma
    - fatigue/stress (marathon runner, force usually can handle but cannot handle after many hours)
    - Pathologic (ex. osteoporosis-widespread or malignancy -more localized)
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6
Q

manifestations of fracture

A
  • pain
  • soft tissue injury
  • hemorrhage (with fracture there will always be hemorrhaging because bone is richly vascularized, may or may not see bleeding, if vessels severed within bone wont see, vessels surrounding tissue severed will see bleeding)
  • deformity
  • loss of function
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7
Q

Diagnosing fracture

A

-hx, px
-x-ray (x-ray will show/reveal complete fracture)
x-ray will be repeated at intervals to look at healing process

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8
Q

how do you treat a fracture?

A
  • reduce (bring to alignment) & stabilize
  • immobilization
  • may have to insert surgical pins to hold in place
  • ensure once bone has healed limb is still mobile (healing will take long time) need physiotherapy to work on mobilizing to be able to restore function)
  • preserve & restore function
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9
Q

what does reduction mean when treating a fracture?

A

reduction =bring bones back to original position

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10
Q

Classification of fractures by type?

A

greenstick:
- fracture in children
- 1 broken + 1 bent surface

Comminuted:
-multiple pieces at one site

pathologic:
- d/t a bone disorder (eg. osteoporosis, bone cancer) (some pathology gives rise to fracture)

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11
Q

what is a greenstick fracture?

A

greenstick:
- fracture in children
- 1 broken + 1 bent surface

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12
Q

what is a comminuted fracture?

A

multiple pieces at one site

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13
Q

what is a pathologic fracture?

A

-d/t a bone disorder (eg. osteoporosis, bone cancer) (some pathology gives rise to fracture)

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14
Q

classification of fracture by pattern?

A

longitudinal:
- longitudinal break

oblique:
- breaks at a 45 degree angle
- d/t a twisting force

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15
Q

classification of fracture by appearance

A

Burst:

  • multiple bone pieces at break (same as comminuted)
  • usually at end of bone

chip:
- small fragment near joint

Displaced:
-bone separates at fracture line

(also impacted-if fall impact head of bone)

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16
Q

burst and _____ fracture are the same type of fracture

A

comminuted