Colorectal cancer Flashcards

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1
Q

colorectal cancer is ___ leading cause of cancer mortality for males and the ______ leading cause for females

A

2nd

3rd

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2
Q

What is the etiology and risk factors for colorectal cancer

A
  • largely unknown
  • incidence increases with age
  • incidence increases with family history of cancer or people w crohns or ulcerative colitis & familial adenomatus polyps
  • familial risk (relatives with colorectal cancer)
  • hypothesized: high level of fat in diet increase synthesis of bile acids in liver which may be converted to potential carcinogens by bacteria flora
  • bacteria organisms in particular suspected of converting bile acids to carcinogens their proliferation is enhanced by a high dietary level of refined sugar
  • refined diets often contain reduced amount of vitamins A,C & E which may act as oxygen free radiacal scavengers
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3
Q

90% of people who develop colorectal cancer are what age range?

A

50++

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4
Q

suspected protective factor of colorectal cancer

A
  • dietary fiber thought to increase stool bulk and therby dilutes & removes potential carcinogens
  • reports also indicate that aspirin may protect against colorectal cancer
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5
Q

colorectal cancer is commonly classified into ______

A

four tumor node metasis stages

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6
Q

Major mnfts of colorectal cancer

A
  • usually cancer of colon & rectum present for a long time before it produces symptoms
  • bleeding is a highly significant early symptom (usually the one that causes person to seek medical care)
  • other symptoms: changes in bowel habits, diarrhea & constipation & sometimes a sense of urgency or incomplete emptying of bowl
  • pain is usually a late symptom
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7
Q

screening and diagnosing colorectal cancer

A
  • single most important prognostic indicator of colorectal cancer extent (stage) of tumor @ time of diagnosis challenge is to discover tumor at their earliest stage
  • digital rectal exam & fecal occult blood test(usually done during routine px)
  • digital rectal exams most helpful in detecting neoplasms of rectum
  • colonoscopy recommended whenever a screening is positive
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8
Q

treatment of colorectal cancer

A

only recognized treatment for cancer of the colon & rectum is surgical removal, preoperative radiation therapy may be used & has in some cases demonstrated increased 5 yr survival rates, post op chemotherapy may be used

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9
Q

Stage 1 tumor (colorectal cancer)

A

limited to invasion of mucosal & submucosal layers of the colon, has a 5 yr survival rate of 80%-90%

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10
Q

Stage II tumor (colorectal cancer)

A
  • lymoh node negative tumor

- tumor inflitartes into but not through muscularis externa, 5 yr survival rate of 70-85%

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11
Q

Stage III tumor (colorectal cancer)

A

invasion of the serosal layer and regional lymph node involvment, 5 yr survival rate is 40%-60%

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12
Q

Stage 4 tumor (colorectal cancer)

A
  • (metastatic)

- penetrate the serosa ir adjacent organs & have much poorer prognosis

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