Spine, Superficial Back Muscles & Pectoral Muscles

Question 1

Comprised of several individual bones called vertebrae.

Answer 1

Spine

Question 2

What are the 5 segments of the spine?

Answer 2

1) Cervical Spine
2) Thoracic Spine
3) Lumbar Spine
4) Sacrum
5) Coccyx

Question 3

Consists of 7 vertebrae beginning at the base of the skull.

Answer 3

Cervical Spine

Question 4

Consists of 12 vertebrae and is the longest region to the spine.

Answer 4

Thoracic Spine

Question 5

Consists of 5 vertebrae in the low back area.

Answer 5

Lumbar Spine

Question 6

Considered 1 bone, but made of 5 fused vertebrae.

Answer 6

Sacrum

Question 7

Considered 1 bone, but made of usually 4 fused vertebrae.

Answer 7

Coccyx

Question 8

The posterior prominences of the spine.

Answer 8

Spinous Processes

Question 9

The lateral prominences of the spine.

Answer 9

Transverse Processes

Question 10

What are the 4 movements of the spine?

Answer 10

1) Flexion
2) Extension
3) Rotation
4) Lateral Flexion

Question 11

A diamond of extensive fascia in the low back that covers from the 12th rib to the iliac crest.

Answer 11

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Question 12

What are the 4 superficial back muscles connecting the arm to the spine?

Answer 12

1) Trapezius
2) Latissimus Dorsi
3) Rhomboids
4) Levator Scapula

Question 13

What are the 3 regions of trapezius?

Answer 13

1) Upper Trapezius
2) Middle Trapezius
3) Lower Trapezius

Question 14

Superior Attachment: middle 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance (inion) to C7 SP via nuchal ligament
Inferior Attachment: lateral clavicle, acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula

Answer 14

Upper Trapezius

Question 15

What are the 5 actions of upper trapezius?

Answer 15

1) S-T Elevation
2) S-T Upward Rotation
3) Head/Neck Extension
4) Head/Neck Ipsilateral Lateral Flexion
5) Head/Neck Contralateral Rotation

Question 16

Medial Attachment: C7-T5 SPs
Lateral Attachment: superior lip of spine of scapula

Answer 16

Middle Trapezius

Question 17

What is the action of middle trapezius?

Answer 17

S-T Retraction

Question 18

Medial Attachment: T6-T12 SPs
Lateral Attachment: root of spine of scapula

Answer 18

Lower Trapezius

Question 19

What are the 2 actions of lower trapezius?

Answer 19

1) S-T Depression (when acting with pec minor)
2) S-T Upward Rotation

Question 20

Medial Attachment: T6 SP to iliac crest, lumbar and sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12 and inferior angle of scapula
Lateral Attachment: floor of bicipital groove

Answer 20

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 21

What are the 3 actions of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 21

1) G-H Internal Rotation
2) G-H Extension
3) G-H Adduction

Question 22

Medial Attachment: C7-T5 SPs
Lateral Attachment: root of spine of scapula to inferior angle of scapula

Answer 22

Rhomboids

Question 23

What are the 3 actions of rhomboids?

Answer 23

1) S-T Retraction
2) S-T Downward Rotation
3) S-T Elevation

Question 24

Rhomboids help ________ ________ hold the scapula against the ribs.

Answer 24

Serratus Anterior

Question 25

Superior Attachment: C1-C4 TVPs
Inferior Attachment: superior angle to root of spine of scapula

Answer 25

Levator Scapula

Question 26

What are the 5 actions of levator scapula?

Answer 26

1) S-T Elevation
2) S-T Downward Rotation
3) Head/Neck Extension
4) Head/Neck Ipsilateral Lateral Flexion
5) Head/Neck Ipsilateral Rotation

Question 27

What are the 4 muscles of the pectoral region?

Answer 27

1) Pectoralis Major
2) Pectoralis Minor
3) Subclavius
4) Serratus Anterior

Question 28

What are the 2 divisions of pectoralis major?

Answer 28

1) Upper (Clavicular) Fibres
2) Lower (Sternocostal) Fibres

Question 29

Medial Attachment: medial 1/2 of anterior clavicle (upper fibres); sternum and anterior costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 (lower fibres)
Lateral Attachment: lateral lip of bicipital groove

Answer 29

Pectoralis Major

Question 30

What are the 5 actions of pectoralis major?

Answer 30

1) G-H Medial Rotation
2) G-H Adduction
3) G-H Flexion (from deep extension)
4) G-H Extension (from deep flexion)
5) G-H Horizontal Adduction

Question 31

Tight pectoralis major often leads to scapular ___________ and pain in between the scapula due to lengthened muscles.

Answer 31

Protraction

Question 32

Superior Attachment: coracoid process
Inferior Attachment: ribs 3-5

Answer 32

Pectoralis Minor

Question 33

What are the 3 actions of pectoralis minor?

Answer 33

1) S-T Protraction
2) S-T Depression (when acting with lower traps)
3) S-T Downward Rotation

Question 34

Pectoralis minor helps _______ the ribs with forced inhalation when the scapula is fixed.

Answer 34

Elevate

Question 35

The inferior angle of the scapula moves posteriorly off of the rib cage.

Answer 35

Tipping Scapula

Question 36

Tipping scapula is likely due to a short __________ _____.

Answer 36

Pectoralis Minor

Question 37

Medial Attachment: 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Lateral Attachment: middle 1/3 of inferior surface of clavicle

Answer 37

Subclavius

Question 38

__________ anchors, depresses and draws the clavicle medially. It serves as a cushion between a fractured clavicle and subclavian structures.

Answer 38

Subclavius

Question 39

Medial Attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Lateral Attachment: lateral surfaces of upper 8 ribs

Answer 39

Serratus Anterior

Question 40

What are the 2 actions of serratus anterior?

Answer 40

1) S-T Protraction
2) S-T Upward Rotation (lower fibres only)

Question 41

The medial border of the scapula moves posteriorly off of the rib cage.

Answer 41

Winging Scapula

Question 42

Winging scapula is likely due to a weak ________ ________.

Answer 42

Serratus Anterior

Question 43

Which 3 muscles contribute to upward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 43

1) Upper Trapezius
2) Lower Trapezius
3) Serratus Anterior

Question 44

Which 3 muscles contribute to downward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 44

1) Levator Scapula
2) Rhomboids
3) Pectoralis Minor