Spine, Superficial Back Muscles & Pectoral Muscles Flashcards
Comprised of several individual bones called vertebrae.
Spine
What are the 5 segments of the spine?
1) Cervical Spine
2) Thoracic Spine
3) Lumbar Spine
4) Sacrum
5) Coccyx
Consists of 7 vertebrae beginning at the base of the skull.
Cervical Spine
Consists of 12 vertebrae and is the longest region to the spine.
Thoracic Spine
Consists of 5 vertebrae in the low back area.
Lumbar Spine
Considered 1 bone, but made of 5 fused vertebrae.
Sacrum
Considered 1 bone, but made of usually 4 fused vertebrae.
Coccyx
The posterior prominences of the spine.
Spinous Processes
The lateral prominences of the spine.
Transverse Processes
What are the 4 movements of the spine?
1) Flexion
2) Extension
3) Rotation
4) Lateral Flexion
A diamond of extensive fascia in the low back that covers from the 12th rib to the iliac crest.
Thoracolumbar Fascia
What are the 4 superficial back muscles connecting the arm to the spine?
1) Trapezius
2) Latissimus Dorsi
3) Rhomboids
4) Levator Scapula
What are the 3 regions of trapezius?
1) Upper Trapezius
2) Middle Trapezius
3) Lower Trapezius
Superior Attachment: middle 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance (inion) to C7 SP via nuchal ligament
Inferior Attachment: lateral clavicle, acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula
Upper Trapezius
What are the 5 actions of upper trapezius?
1) S-T Elevation
2) S-T Upward Rotation
3) Head/Neck Extension
4) Head/Neck Ipsilateral Lateral Flexion
5) Head/Neck Contralateral Rotation
Medial Attachment: C7-T5 SPs
Lateral Attachment: superior lip of spine of scapula
Middle Trapezius
What is the action of middle trapezius?
S-T Retraction
Medial Attachment: T6-T12 SPs
Lateral Attachment: root of spine of scapula
Lower Trapezius
What are the 2 actions of lower trapezius?
1) S-T Depression (when acting with pec minor)
2) S-T Upward Rotation
Medial Attachment: T6 SP to iliac crest, lumbar and sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12 and inferior angle of scapula
Lateral Attachment: floor of bicipital groove
Latissimus Dorsi
What are the 3 actions of latissimus dorsi?
1) G-H Internal Rotation
2) G-H Extension
3) G-H Adduction
Medial Attachment: C7-T5 SPs
Lateral Attachment: root of spine of scapula to inferior angle of scapula
Rhomboids
What are the 3 actions of rhomboids?
1) S-T Retraction
2) S-T Downward Rotation
3) S-T Elevation
Rhomboids help ________ ________ hold the scapula against the ribs.
Serratus Anterior
Superior Attachment: C1-C4 TVPs
Inferior Attachment: superior angle to root of spine of scapula
Levator Scapula
What are the 5 actions of levator scapula?
1) S-T Elevation
2) S-T Downward Rotation
3) Head/Neck Extension
4) Head/Neck Ipsilateral Lateral Flexion
5) Head/Neck Ipsilateral Rotation
What are the 4 muscles of the pectoral region?
1) Pectoralis Major
2) Pectoralis Minor
3) Subclavius
4) Serratus Anterior
What are the 2 divisions of pectoralis major?
1) Upper (Clavicular) Fibres
2) Lower (Sternocostal) Fibres
Medial Attachment: medial 1/2 of anterior clavicle (upper fibres); sternum and anterior costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 (lower fibres)
Lateral Attachment: lateral lip of bicipital groove
Pectoralis Major
What are the 5 actions of pectoralis major?
1) G-H Medial Rotation
2) G-H Adduction
3) G-H Flexion (from deep extension)
4) G-H Extension (from deep flexion)
5) G-H Horizontal Adduction
Tight pectoralis major often leads to scapular ___________ and pain in between the scapula due to lengthened muscles.
Protraction
Superior Attachment: coracoid process
Inferior Attachment: ribs 3-5
Pectoralis Minor
What are the 3 actions of pectoralis minor?
1) S-T Protraction
2) S-T Depression (when acting with lower traps)
3) S-T Downward Rotation
Pectoralis minor helps _______ the ribs with forced inhalation when the scapula is fixed.
Elevate
The inferior angle of the scapula moves posteriorly off of the rib cage.
Tipping Scapula
Tipping scapula is likely due to a short __________ _____.
Pectoralis Minor
Medial Attachment: 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Lateral Attachment: middle 1/3 of inferior surface of clavicle
Subclavius
__________ anchors, depresses and draws the clavicle medially. It serves as a cushion between a fractured clavicle and subclavian structures.
Subclavius
Medial Attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Lateral Attachment: lateral surfaces of upper 8 ribs
Serratus Anterior
What are the 2 actions of serratus anterior?
1) S-T Protraction
2) S-T Upward Rotation (lower fibres only)
The medial border of the scapula moves posteriorly off of the rib cage.
Winging Scapula
Winging scapula is likely due to a weak ________ ________.
Serratus Anterior
Which 3 muscles contribute to upward rotation of the scapula?
1) Upper Trapezius
2) Lower Trapezius
3) Serratus Anterior
Which 3 muscles contribute to downward rotation of the scapula?
1) Levator Scapula
2) Rhomboids
3) Pectoralis Minor
