Joints of the Shoulder Flashcards
T/F - The scapulothoracic joint is considered a true anatomical joint.
False - The scapulothoracic joint is considered a FUNCTIONAL joint.
What are the 6 scapulothoracic movements?
1) Elevation
2) Depression
3) Retraction
4) Protraction
5) Upward/Lateral Rotation
6) Downward/Medial Rotation
A gliding motion with the scapula moving superiorly.
Elevation
A gliding motion with the scapula moving inferiorly.
Depression
A gliding motion with the scapula moving towards the spine.
Retraction
A gliding motion with the scapula moving away from the spine.
Protraction
The glenoid fossa moves superiorly and the inferior angle moves laterally during abduction of the arm.
Upward/Lateral Rotation
The glenoid fossa moves inferiorly and the inferior angle moves medially during adduction of the arm.
Downward/Medial Rotation
A joint where the sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium. It has an articular disc that prevents medial displacement of the clavicle and helps dissipate forces.
Sternoclavicular (S-C) Joint
What type of joint is the S-C joint?
Synovial Saddle Joint
What movements occur at the S-C joint?
1) Superior/Inferior Glide
2) Anterior/Posterior Glide
3) Rotation
The sternal end of the clavicle moves __________ during scapular depression and __________ during scapular elevation.
Superiorly
Inferiorly
The S-C joint has an articular _____ that prevents ______ displacement of the clavicle and helps dissipate forces.
Disc
Medial
Which joint is the only true articulation between the upper limb and axial skeleton?
Sternoclavicular (S-C) Joint
What are the 4 ligaments of the S-C joint?
1) Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
2) Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
3) Interclavicular Ligament
4) Costoclavicular Ligament
These ligaments help prevent medial displacement of the sternal end of the clavicle and excessive movement at the S-C joint.
Anterior/Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligaments
This ligament is located between the 2 sternal ends of the clavicle and prevents them from being pulled away from each other.
Interclavicular Ligament
A ligament located between the inferior clavicle and costal cartilage of the first rib. It restricts all movements at the S-C joint except for ________ glide.
Costoclavicular Ligament
Inferior
Which 3 ligaments reinforce the S-C joint capsule?
1) Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
2) Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
3) Interclavicular Ligament
A joint where the acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula. Shoulder ___________ often occur at this joint caused by direct pressure to the outside of the shoulder.
Acromioclavicular (A-C) Joint
Separations
What type of joint is the A-C joint?
Synovial Plane Joint
What movements occur at the A-C joint?
1) Anterior/Posterior Glide
2) Mild Rotation
What are the 3 ligaments of the A-C joint?
1) Acromioclavicular Ligament
2) Coracoacromial Ligament
3) Coracoclavicular Ligament
A ligament that runs from the lateral end of the clavicle to the acromion and is an extension/thickening of the A-C joint capsule.
Acromioclavicular Ligament
A ligament that runs from the coracoid process to the acromion and forms the ______________ arch, which is clinically relevant.
Coracoacromial Ligament
Coracoacromial
A ligament that is made up of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments and runs from the coracoid process to the clavicle.
Coracoclavicular Ligament
The glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus.
Glenohumeral (G-H) Joint
What type of joint is the G-H joint?
Synovial Ball & Socket Joint
What movements occur at the G-H joint?
1) Flexion/Extension
2) Abduction/Adduction
3) Horizontal Abduction/Horizontal Adduction
4) Internal Rotation/External Rotation
5) Circumduction
6) Scaption
A fibrocartilagenous ring that attaches to the glenoid fossa and serves to deepen the joint in order to create a more stable articulation.
Glenoid Labrum
A thin and loose structure surrounding the G-H joint.
Joint Capsule
What are the 2 weak points of the G-H joint capsule?
1) Axillary Recess
2) Foramen of Weitbrecht
The axillary recess is the weakest ________ point of the G-H joint capsule. The foramen of Weitbrecht is the weakest ________ point of the G-H joint capsule.
Inferior
Anterior
What are the 2 ligaments of the G-H joint?
1) Coracohumeral Ligament
2) Glenohumeral (Capsular) Ligaments
A ligament that runs from the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus.
Coracohumeral Ligament
Extensions of the G-H joint capsule that attempt to stabilize it.
Glenohumeral (Capsular) Ligaments
What are the 2 bursa associated with the G-H joint?
1) Subacromial Bursa
2) Subdeltoid Bursa
A bursa located between the acromion and the G-H joint capsule.
Subacromial Bursa
A bursa located between the deltoid muscle and the G-H joint capsule.
Subdeltoid Bursa
A movement that occurs halfway between flexion and abduction, or between the sagittal and frontal planes. The scapula sits at an angle of approximately ___ degrees.
Scaption
45 degrees
In scaption, there is less _______ on the capsule and greater _________ is possible than with pure frontal or sagittal plane.
Tension
Elevation
T/F - You still need internal and external rotation of the humerus to prevent impingement with scaption.
False - NEITHER internal NOR external rotation of the humerus IS NEEDED to prevent impingement with scaption.
Abduction of the arm involves movement at which 4 joints?
1) Scapulothoracic (S-T) Joint
2) Sternoclavicular (S-C) Joint
3) Acromioclavicular (A-C) Joint
4) Glenohumeral (G-H) Joint
During normal abduction range, there is a specific relationship in the amount of movement at the G-H joint compared to the S-T articulation.
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
There is no movement of the scapula from __ to ___ degrees of normal abduction.
0-15 degrees
From 15-120 degrees of abduction, there is a __:__ ratio, favouring the G-H joint over the S-T joint.
2:1
From 120-180 degrees of abduction, there is a __:__ ratio between movement of the G-H joint and S-T joint.
1:1
During abduction of the humerus, the humerus must undergo ________ rotation, which usually happens around ___ degrees. This helps the greater tubercle clear the ______________ arch.
External
90 degrees
Coracoacromial
