Muscles of the Anterior Forearm

Question 1

Muscles of the anterior forearm are considered the _______________ group.

Answer 1

Flexor-Pronator

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the muscles of the anterior forearm?

Answer 2

1) Superficial Layer
2) Intermediate Layer
3) Deep Layer

Question 3

Separates the deep layer of flexor muscles from the superficial and intermediate layers in the forearm.

Answer 3

Septum of Deep Fascia

Question 4

The dividing line between the flexor-pronator group and the extensor-supinator group.

Answer 4

Posterior Border of the Ulna

Question 5

A common proximal tendinous attachment that connects to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Answer 5

Common Flexor Tendon (CFT)

Question 6

Associated with inflammation of the common flexor tendon and is also called medial epicondylitis.

Answer 6

Golfer’s Elbow

Question 7

Strong connective tissue (fascia) that covers the palm of the hand. The proximal part is continuous with the flexor retinaculum and the ____________ fascia.

Answer 7

Palmar Aponeurosis
Antebrachial

Question 8

What are the 4 muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm (from lateral to medial)?

Answer 8

1) Pronator Teres
2) Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
3) Palmaris Longus
4) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

Question 9

Proximal Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Distal Attachment: middle, lateral surface of radius

Answer 9

Pronator Teres

Question 10

What are the 2 actions of pronator teres?

Answer 10

1) Forearm Pronation
2) Elbow Flexion (weak)

Question 11

Proximal Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus via CFT
Distal Attachment: base of 2nd MC (a slip runs to base of 3rd MC)

Answer 11

Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)

Question 12

What are the 3 actions of flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 12

1) Wrist Flexion
2) Radial Deviation (with ECRL/ECRB)
3) Elbow Flexion (weak)

Question 13

The radial artery is just lateral to the tendon of which forearm muscle?

Answer 13

Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)

Question 14

Proximal Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus via CFT
Distal Attachment: palmar aponeurosis

Answer 14

Palmaris Longus

Question 15

What are the 2 actions of palmaris longus?

Answer 15

1) Wrist Flexion
2) Elbow Flexion (weak)

Question 16

Which muscle can be absent on one or both sides (usually the left) in 14% of the population?

Answer 16

Palmaris Longus

Question 17

Proximal Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus via CFT (humeral head) and olecranon/upper 1/2 of posterior ulna (ulnar head)
Distal Attachment: pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th MC

Answer 17

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

Question 18

What are the 3 actions of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 18

1) Wrist Flexion
2) Ulnar Deviation (with ECU)
3) Elbow Flexion (weak)

Question 19

The ulnar nerve and artery are just lateral to which muscle that is quite tight for most people?

Answer 19

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

Question 20

Which muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

Answer 20

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

Question 21

Proximal Attachment: medial epicondyle and coronoid process (humeral head) and anterior, superior radius (radial head)
Distal Attachment: sides of bases of intermediate phalanges of medial 4 digits

Answer 21

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

Question 22

What are the 3 actions of flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 22

1) 2nd-5th Digit Flexion (CMC, MCP, PIP joints)
2) Wrist Flexion
3) Elbow Flexion (weak)

Question 23

Each tendon of which forearm muscle splits at the distal attachment after it travels through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 23

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

Question 24

What are the 3 muscles in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

Answer 24

1) Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)
2) Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)
3) Pronator Quadratus

Question 25

Proximal Attachment: proximal, anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits

Answer 25

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)

Question 26

What are the 2 actions of flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 26

1) 2nd-5th Digit Flexion (CMC, MCP, IP joints)
2) Wrist Flexion

Question 27

T/F - Flexor digitorum superficialis is a longer muscle than flexor digitorum profundus.

Answer 27

False - Flexor digitorum superficialis is a SHORTER muscle than flexor digitorum profundus.

Question 28

All tendons of FDP pass deep to the ______ ___________ and are involved in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 28

Flexor Retinaculum

Question 29

Proximal Attachment: anterior, middle surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Answer 29

Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)

Question 30

What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?

Answer 30

1) 1st Digit Flexion (CMC, MCP, IP joints)

Question 31

FPL passes deep to the flexor retinaculum, making it a part of the ______ ______.

Answer 31

Carpal Tunnel

Question 32

Medial Attachment: distal anterior ulna
Lateral Attachment: distal anterior radius

Answer 32

Pronator Quadratus

Question 33

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

Answer 33

1) Forearm Pronation

Question 34

The strength of pronator quadratus can be tested by using elbow _______ to occupy ________ _____.

Answer 34

Flexion
Pronator Teres

Question 35

What 4 structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 35

1) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
2) Flexor Digitorum Profundus
3) Flexor Pollicis Longus
4) Median Nerve

Question 36

How many tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 36

9

Question 37

One of the terminal branches of the brachioplexus that travels through the anterior forearm and innervates majority of those muscles.

Answer 37

Median Nerve

Question 38

What 4 digits does the median nerve provide sensation to?

Answer 38

1) Thumb
2) Index Finger
3) Middle Finger
4) Lateral Half of Ring Finger