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T1 ANATOMY > Compartments of the Leg > Flashcards

Compartments of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the screw home mechanism of the knee.

A

When the knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally (due to the medial condyle being longer) which locks the knee into a more stable position.

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2
Q

To flex the knee, the popliteus ________ rotates to ______ the knee and allow it to flex.

A

Medially
Unlock

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3
Q

Which muscle is the key to the knee?

A

Popliteus

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4
Q

Fascia that helps divide the leg into compartments, in correlation with the tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane.

A

Intermuscular Septa

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5
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the leg?

A

1) Anterior Compartment
2) Lateral Compartment
3) Superficial Posterior Compartment
4) Deep Posterior Compartment

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6
Q

The muscles in a compartment of the leg share the same general ________, nerve supply, and _____ supply.

A

Function
Blood

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7
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Tibialis Anterior
2) Extensor Hallucis Longus
3) Extensor Digitorum Longus
4) Peroneus Tertius

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8
Q

Proximal Attachment: anterior, lateral, superior 1/2 of tibia, interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: base of 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform on plantar surface

A

Tibialis Anterior

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9
Q

What are the 2 actions of tibialis anterior?

A

1) Dorsiflexion
2) Inversion

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10
Q

Proximal Attachment: anterior middle fibula and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: base of distal phalanx of 1st toe on dorsal surface

A

Extensor Hallucis Longus

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11
Q

What are the 3 actions of extensor hallucis longus?

A

1) Extension of MTP/IP of 1st digit
2) Assist in dorsiflexion
3) Assist in inversion

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12
Q

Proximal Attachment: proximal 3/4 of anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes on dorsal surface

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

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13
Q

What are the 3 actions of extensor digitorum longus?

A

1) Extension of the MTPs/PIPs/DIPs of 2nd-5th digits
2) Dorsiflexion
3) Eversion

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14
Q

Proximal Attachment: anterior distal fibula
Distal Attachment: base of 5th MT on dorsal surface

A

Peroneus Tertius

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15
Q

What are the 2 actions of peroneus tertius?

A

1) Weak dorsiflexion
2) Weak eversion

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16
Q

What is the order of tendons from medial to lateral for the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Tibialis Anterior Tendon
2) Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon
3) Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon

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17
Q

A structure that prevents the tendons of the anterior compartment of the leg from bowing as the muscles contract.

A

Retinacula

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18
Q

A structure that surrounds the tendon where there is possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula. Consists of an outer layer of connective tissue for structure and protection with a synovial inner layer for lubrication as the tendon moves.

A

Tendon Sheath

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19
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

1) Peroneus Longus
2) Peroneus Brevis

20
Q

Proximal Attachment: lateral proximal 2/3rds of fibula
Distal Attachment: base of 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform on plantar surface

A

Peroneus Longus

21
Q

What are the 2 actions of peroneus longus?

A

1) Plantar Flexion
2) Eversion

22
Q

Which muscle passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament?

A

Peroneus Longus

23
Q

Peroneus longus forms a stirrup with ________ ________ at the base of the 1st MT to support the __________ arch.

A

Tibialis Anterior
Transverse

24
Q

Proximal Attachment: lateral distal 2/3rds of fibula
Distal Attachment: tuberosity of 5th MT

A

Peroneus Brevis

25
Q

What are the 2 actions of peroneus brevis?

A

1) Plantar Flexion
2) Eversion

26
Q

The peroneal tendons pass behind the _______ _______ and underneath the peroneal ________.

A

Lateral Malleolus
Retinacula

27
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Gastrocnemius
2) Soleus
3) Plantaris

28
Q

Proximal Attachment: medial and lateral femoral condyles
Distal Attachment: calcaneus via achilles tendon

A

Gastrocnemius

29
Q

What are the 2 actions of gastrocnemius?

A

1) Plantar Flexion
2) Weak Knee Flexion

30
Q

Proximal Attachment: proximal posterior fibula, soleal line of tibia, middle 1/3rd of medial border of tibia
Distal Attachment: calcaneus via achilles tendon

A

Soleus

31
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Plantar Flexion

32
Q

What is the name used for gastrocnemius and soleus?

A

Triceps Surae

33
Q

Proximal Attachment: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Distal Attachment: calcaneus not via achilles tendon

A

Plantaris

34
Q

What are the 2 actions of plantaris?

A

1) Plantar Flexion
2) Weak Knee Flexion

35
Q

Which weak muscle can cause significant pain if it ruptures, often with injury to the Achilles tendon?

A

Plantaris

36
Q

The fascia of the calf is continuous with the plantar ___________.

A

Aponeurosis

37
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Tibialis Posterior
2) Flexor Hallucis Longus
3) Flexor Digitorum Longus

38
Q

Proximal Attachment: posterior tibia, interosseous membrane, fibula
Distal Attachment: navicular tuberosity and surrounding bones (cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of 2nd-4th MTs)

A

Tibialis Posterior

39
Q

What are the 2 actions of tibialis posterior?

A

1) Plantar Flexion
2) Inversion

40
Q

Proximal Attachment: lower 2/3rds of posterior fibula, interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: plantar surface of 1st distal phalanx

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus

41
Q

What are the 2 actions of flexor hallucis longus?

A

1) Flexion of MTP/IP of 1st digit
2) Plantar Flexion

42
Q

Proximal Attachment: posterior middle tibia
Distal Attachment: plantar surface of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

A

Flexor Digitorum Longus

43
Q

What are the 2 actions of flexor digitorum longus?

A

1) Flexion of MTPs/PIPs/DIPs of 2nd-5th digits
2) Plantar Flexion

44
Q

The tendons of the deep posterior compartment muscles of the leg pass behind the ______ _________.

A

Medial Malleolus

45
Q

A structure that forms the tarsal tunnel, which is clinically relevant.

A

Flexor Retinaculum

46
Q

Caused by prolonged eversion/pronation, chronic tendonitis, direct trauma, and/or rheumatoid arthritis.

A

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

47
Q

What is the order of tendons from anterior to posterior for the
muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Tibialis Posterior Tendon
2) Flexor Digitorum Longus
3) Flexor Hallucis Longus

T1 ANATOMY (31 decks)

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