Introduction to Arthrology

Question 1

Formed where 2 or more separate bones connect. Designed for movement.

Answer 1

Joints (aka. Articulations)

Question 2

A joint with one axis of movement (ex. elbow).

Answer 2

Uniaxial

Question 3

A joint with two axes of movement (e.g. thumb).

Answer 3

Biaxial

Question 4

A joint with multiple axes of movement (e.g. hip or shoulder).

Answer 4

Multiaxial

Question 5

A joint connected by fibrous tissue. The degree of movement is determined by the amount of fibrous tissue between the articulating surfaces.

Answer 5

Fibrous

Question 6

A type of fibrous joint with limited movement. Only occur in the skull.

Answer 6

Sutures

Question 7

A type of fibrous joint where bones are connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue. There is a lot of space between the bones, therefore a lot of movement.

Answer 7

Syndesmosis

Question 8

The interosseous membrane between the forearm bones allowing for pronation/supination is an example of a ________ joint.

Answer 8

Syndesmosis

Question 9

A joint that is connected by cartilage or a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue.

Answer 9

Cartilagenous

Question 10

The cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone allowing for expansion is an example of a ________ joint.

Answer 10

Cartilagenous

Question 11

The most common type of joint in the human body.

Answer 11

Synovial

Question 12

What are the 3 features of a synovial joint?

Answer 12

1) Joint Cavity
2) Articular Cartilage
3) Joint Capsule

Question 13

A space between 2 joint surfaces that determines the amount of movement.

Answer 13

Joint Cavity

Question 14

Shiny, whitish connective tissue that protects underlying bone, absorbs shock, allows movement, and is designed to last (also can wear away over time). No nerves or blood vessels.

Answer 14

Articular Cartilage

Question 15

Surrounds and lines the joint, but does not cover the articular cartilage. Makes synovial fluid contained within the joint.

Answer 15

Joint Capsule

Question 16

A clear coloured, slippery fluid with the consistency of egg-white. Found in the joint cavity and acts as a lubricant to minimize friction between 2 joint surfaces.

Answer 16

Synovial Fluid

Question 17

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 17

1) Condyloid (aka. Ellipsoid)
2) Saddle
3) Ball and Socket
4) Plane
5) Pivot
6) Hinge (aka. Ginglymus)

Question 18

A synovial joint that is biaxial. Conducts flexion/extension & abduction/adduction motions.

Answer 18

Condyloid (aka. Ellipsoid)

Question 19

The knuckles are an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.

Answer 19

Condyloid (aka. Ellipsoid)

Question 20

A synovial joint that is biaxial. Has opposing surfaces (concave/convex) that articulate with each other.

Answer 20

Saddle

Question 21

The thumb is an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.

Answer 21

Saddle

Question 22

A synovial joint that is multiaxial. The spheroidal surface articulates with the socket of the other surface.

Answer 22

Ball and Socket

Question 23

The hip is an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.

Answer 23

Ball and Socket

Question 24

A synovial joint that is mostly uniaxial. Conducts gliding or sliding movements and the joint surfaces are essentially flat.

Answer 24

Plane

Question 25

The carpals are examples of ________ joints, which fall under synovial joints.

Answer 25

Plane

Question 26

A synovial joint that is uniaxial. Conducts rotations where a rounded process rotates within a sleeve or ring.

Answer 26

Pivot

Question 27

C1-C2 is an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.

Answer 27

Pivot

Question 28

A synovial joint that is uniaxial. Conducts flexion and extension motions only.

Answer 28

Hinge (aka. Ginglymus)

Question 29

The fingers are examples of ________ joints, which fall under synovial joints.

Answer 29

Hinge (aka. Ginglymus)

Question 30

A sac filled with synovial fluid that decreases friction generated by the motion of one tissue over another. Normally it is flat, but it can become inflamed.

Answer 30

Bursa

Question 31

Typically found in high traffic areas, such as the knee, hip, ankle or shoulder.

Answer 31

Bursa

Question 32

Where are the 3 locations of bursae?

Answer 32

1) Between tendons and bony prominences 2) Between tendons and other tendons 3) Between bone and overlying skin

Question 33

Connect bone to bone and will prevent excessive movement in a specified direction.

Answer 33

Ligaments

Question 34

When a joint is moved beyond its normal range of motion.

Answer 34

Sprain

Question 35

A joint position where the ligaments and joint capsule are tight and the joint has maximal articular surface contact. There is increased stability, but decreased mobility.

Answer 35

Close-Packed Position

Question 36

Extension of the knee is an example of ________ position.

Answer 36

Close-Packed

Question 37

A joint position where the ligaments and joint capsule are loose and the joint has maximal space and available movement. There is increased mobility, but decreased stability.

Answer 37

Loose-Packed Position

Question 38

Flexion of the knee is an example of ________ position.

Answer 38

Loose-Packed