Introduction to Arthrology Flashcards
Formed where 2 or more separate bones connect. Designed for movement.
Joints (aka. Articulations)
A joint with one axis of movement (ex. elbow).
Uniaxial
A joint with two axes of movement (e.g. thumb).
Biaxial
A joint with multiple axes of movement (e.g. hip or shoulder).
Multiaxial
A joint connected by fibrous tissue. The degree of movement is determined by the amount of fibrous tissue between the articulating surfaces.
Fibrous
A type of fibrous joint with limited movement. Only occur in the skull.
Sutures
A type of fibrous joint where bones are connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue. There is a lot of space between the bones, therefore a lot of movement.
Syndesmosis
The interosseous membrane between the forearm bones allowing for pronation/supination is an example of a ________ joint.
Syndesmosis
A joint that is connected by cartilage or a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue.
Cartilagenous
The cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone allowing for expansion is an example of a ________ joint.
Cartilagenous
The most common type of joint in the human body.
Synovial
What are the 3 features of a synovial joint?
1) Joint Cavity
2) Articular Cartilage
3) Joint Capsule
A space between 2 joint surfaces that determines the amount of movement.
Joint Cavity
Shiny, whitish connective tissue that protects underlying bone, absorbs shock, allows movement, and is designed to last (also can wear away over time). No nerves or blood vessels.
Articular Cartilage
Surrounds and lines the joint, but does not cover the articular cartilage. Makes synovial fluid contained within the joint.
Joint Capsule
A clear coloured, slippery fluid with the consistency of egg-white. Found in the joint cavity and acts as a lubricant to minimize friction between 2 joint surfaces.
Synovial Fluid
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
1) Condyloid (aka. Ellipsoid)
2) Saddle
3) Ball and Socket
4) Plane
5) Pivot
6) Hinge (aka. Ginglymus)
A synovial joint that is biaxial. Conducts flexion/extension & abduction/adduction motions.
Condyloid (aka. Ellipsoid)
The knuckles are an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.
Condyloid (aka. Ellipsoid)
A synovial joint that is biaxial. Has opposing surfaces (concave/convex) that articulate with each other.
Saddle
The thumb is an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.
Saddle
A synovial joint that is multiaxial. The spheroidal surface articulates with the socket of the other surface.
Ball and Socket
The hip is an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.
Ball and Socket
A synovial joint that is mostly uniaxial. Conducts gliding or sliding movements and the joint surfaces are essentially flat.
Plane
The carpals are examples of ________ joints, which fall under synovial joints.
Plane
A synovial joint that is uniaxial. Conducts rotations where a rounded process rotates within a sleeve or ring.
Pivot
C1-C2 is an example of a ________ joint, which falls under synovial joints.
Pivot
A synovial joint that is uniaxial. Conducts flexion and extension motions only.
Hinge (aka. Ginglymus)
The fingers are examples of ________ joints, which fall under synovial joints.
Hinge (aka. Ginglymus)
A sac filled with synovial fluid that decreases friction generated by the motion of one tissue over another. Normally it is flat, but it can become inflamed.
Bursa
Typically found in high traffic areas, such as the knee, hip, ankle or shoulder.
Bursa
Where are the 3 locations of bursae?
1) Between tendons and bony prominences
2) Between tendons and other tendons
3) Between bone and overlying skin
Connect bone to bone and will prevent excessive movement in a specified direction.
Ligaments
When a joint is moved beyond its normal range of motion.
Sprain
A joint position where the ligaments and joint capsule are tight and the joint has maximal articular surface contact. There is increased stability, but decreased mobility.
Close-Packed Position
Extension of the knee is an example of ________ position.
Close-Packed
A joint position where the ligaments and joint capsule are loose and the joint has maximal space and available movement. There is increased mobility, but decreased stability.
Loose-Packed Position
Flexion of the knee is an example of ________ position.
Loose-Packed
