Muscles & Layers of the Foot

Question 1

What is the only intrinsic muscle found in the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 1

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 2

Proximal Attachment: anterior dorsal surface of calcaneus
Distal Attachment: medial distal 4 phalanges

Answer 2

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 3

What is the action of extensor digitorum brevis?

Answer 3

Extension of 2nd-4th toes

Question 4

Which toe is only extended by extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 4

5th

Question 5

T/F - Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis are essentially the same muscle.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

How many muscular layers are in the sole of the foot?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What are the 3 muscles in the first layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 7

1) Abductor Hallucis
2) Flexor Digitorum Brevis
3) Abductor Digiti Minimi

Question 8

Proximal Attachment: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Attachment: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

Answer 8

Abductor Hallucis

Question 9

What is the action of abductor hallucis?

Answer 9

Abduction of 1st toe

Question 10

Proximal Attachment: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Attachment: both sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

Answer 10

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Question 11

What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 11

Flexion of 2nd-5th toes

Question 12

Proximal Attachment: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Attachment: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

Answer 12

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Question 13

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 13

Abduction of 5th toe

Question 14

What are the 2 muscles in the second layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 14

1) Quadratus Plantae
2) Lumbricals

Question 15

The tendons of flexor ________ longus and flexor ________ longus are also in the second layer of the sole of the foot.

Answer 15

Hallucis
Digitorum

Question 16

Proximal Attachment: plantar surface of calcaneus
Distal Attachment: posterolateral margin of FDL tendons

Answer 16

Quadratus Plantae

Question 17

What is the action of quadratus plantae?

Answer 17

Assisting FDL in flexion of lateral 4 digits

Question 18

Which muscle adjusts the pull of the FDL tendons along the long axis of the digits so it doesn’t track medially?

Answer 18

Quadratus Plantae

Question 19

Proximal Attachment: FDL tendons
Distal Attachment: extensor expansion and medial sides of proximal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Answer 19

Lumbricals

Question 20

What are the 2 actions of the lumbricals?

Answer 20

1) Flexion of MTP joints
2) Extension of PIPs/DIPs

Question 21

What are the 3 muscles in the third layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 21

1) Flexor Hallucis Brevis
2) Adductor Hallucis
3) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Question 22

Proximal Attachment: plantar surface of cuboid and 3rd cuneiform
Distal Attachment: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

Answer 22

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Question 23

What is the action of flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 23

Flexion of 1st MTP joint

Question 24

There are 2 sesamoid bones that are adhered to each of the 2 tendons of flexor ________ ______ and protect them from pressure during standing and walking.

Answer 24

Hallucis Brevis

Question 25

Proximal Attachment: bases of 2nd-4th MTs (oblique head) and plantar ligaments of MTP joints (transverse head) Distal Attachment: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

Answer 25

Adductor Hallucis

Question 26

What is the action of adductor hallucis?

Answer 26

Adduction of 1st toe

Question 27

Which muscle in the third layer of the sole of the foot helps to maintain the transverse arch?

Answer 27

Adductor Hallucis

Question 28

Proximal Attachment: base of 5th MT Distal Attachment: base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

Answer 28

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Question 29

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 29

Flexion of 5th MTP joint

Question 30

What are the 2 muscles in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 30

1) Dorsal Interossei 2) Plantar Interossei

Question 31

When discussing abduction and adduction of the toes, the "midline" (reference point) is through the ___ toe.

Answer 31

2nd

Question 32

Proximal Attachment: adjacent sides of the MTs Distal Attachment: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe and lateral sides of proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th toes

Answer 32

Dorsal Interossei

Question 33

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

Answer 33

Abduction of 2nd-4th MTP joints

Question 34

Which muscle in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot is feather-like and bipennate?

Answer 34

Dorsal Interossei

Question 35

Proximal Attachment: bases and medial sides of 3rd-5th MTs Distal Attachment: medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges 3-5

Answer 35

Plantar Interossei

Question 36

What is the action of the plantar interossei?

Answer 36

Adduction of 2nd-4th MTP joints