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T1 ANATOMY > Muscles & Layers of the Foot > Flashcards

Muscles & Layers of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only intrinsic muscle found in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

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2
Q

Proximal Attachment: anterior dorsal surface of calcaneus
Distal Attachment: medial distal 4 phalanges

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

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3
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Extension of 2nd-4th toes

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4
Q

Which toe is only extended by extensor digitorum longus?

A

5th

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5
Q

T/F - Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis are essentially the same muscle.

A

True

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6
Q

How many muscular layers are in the sole of the foot?

A

4

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7
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the first layer of the sole of the foot?

A

1) Abductor Hallucis
2) Flexor Digitorum Brevis
3) Abductor Digiti Minimi

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8
Q

Proximal Attachment: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Attachment: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

A

Abductor Hallucis

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9
Q

What is the action of abductor hallucis?

A

Abduction of 1st toe

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10
Q

Proximal Attachment: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Attachment: both sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

A

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

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11
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flexion of 2nd-5th toes

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12
Q

Proximal Attachment: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Attachment: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

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13
Q

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction of 5th toe

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14
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the second layer of the sole of the foot?

A

1) Quadratus Plantae
2) Lumbricals

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15
Q

The tendons of flexor ________ longus and flexor ________ longus are also in the second layer of the sole of the foot.

A

Hallucis
Digitorum

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16
Q

Proximal Attachment: plantar surface of calcaneus
Distal Attachment: posterolateral margin of FDL tendons

A

Quadratus Plantae

17
Q

What is the action of quadratus plantae?

A

Assisting FDL in flexion of lateral 4 digits

18
Q

Which muscle adjusts the pull of the FDL tendons along the long axis of the digits so it doesn’t track medially?

A

Quadratus Plantae

19
Q

Proximal Attachment: FDL tendons
Distal Attachment: extensor expansion and medial sides of proximal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

A

Lumbricals

20
Q

What are the 2 actions of the lumbricals?

A

1) Flexion of MTP joints
2) Extension of PIPs/DIPs

21
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the third layer of the sole of the foot?

A

1) Flexor Hallucis Brevis
2) Adductor Hallucis
3) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

22
Q

Proximal Attachment: plantar surface of cuboid and 3rd cuneiform
Distal Attachment: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

23
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Flexion of 1st MTP joint

24
Q

There are 2 sesamoid bones that are adhered to each of the 2 tendons of flexor ________ ______ and protect them from pressure during standing and walking.

A

Hallucis Brevis

25
Q

Proximal Attachment: bases of 2nd-4th MTs (oblique head) and plantar ligaments of MTP joints (transverse head)
Distal Attachment: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

A

Adductor Hallucis

26
Q

What is the action of adductor hallucis?

A

Adduction of 1st toe

27
Q

Which muscle in the third layer of the sole of the foot helps to maintain the transverse arch?

A

Adductor Hallucis

28
Q

Proximal Attachment: base of 5th MT
Distal Attachment: base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

29
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexion of 5th MTP joint

30
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

A

1) Dorsal Interossei
2) Plantar Interossei

31
Q

When discussing abduction and adduction of the toes, the “midline” (reference point) is through the ___ toe.

32
Q

Proximal Attachment: adjacent sides of the MTs
Distal Attachment: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe and lateral sides of proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th toes

A

Dorsal Interossei

33
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of 2nd-4th MTP joints

34
Q

Which muscle in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot is feather-like and bipennate?

A

Dorsal Interossei

35
Q

Proximal Attachment: bases and medial sides of 3rd-5th MTs
Distal Attachment: medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges 3-5

A

Plantar Interossei

36
Q

What is the action of the plantar interossei?

A

Adduction of 2nd-4th MTP joints

T1 ANATOMY (31 decks)

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