Bones of the Foot & Leg Flashcards
A boat-shaped tarsal bone located on the medial aspect of the foot.
Navicular
Palpable on the medial side of the foot (not always on someone with flat feet) and articulates posteriorly with the talus, as well as anteriorly with the 3 cuneiforms.
Navicular Tuberosity
Wedge-shaped tarsal bones that articulate with the numerically corresponding metatarsals.
Cuneiforms
What are the 3 cuneiforms?
1) 1st/Medial Cuneiform
2) 2nd/Intermediate Cuneiform
3) 3rd/Lateral Cuneiform
A tarsal bone located on the lateral aspect of the foot that articulates anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsals, as well as posteriorly with the calcaneus. It has a groove for the peroneus longus tendon, travelling on the plantar side.
Cuboid
5 bones of the foot that are numbered 1st to 5th from the “big toe” moving laterally.
Metatarsals
What are the 3 parts of a metatarsal?
1) Base
2) Shaft
3) Head
The ____ is the proximal end of a metatarsal.
Base
The _____ is the body or primary length of a metatarsal.
Shaft
The ____ is the distal end of a metatarsal.
Head
A styloid process located on the lateral side of the base of the 5th metatarsal. Serves as an attachment point for the fibularlis brevis tendon.
Tuberosity of the 5th Metatarsal
Located on the distal plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal and helps redistribute the force of taking a step.
Sesamoid Bones
14 bones that are commonly referred to as the “toes.” Each one has a base and a head, and there are 3 bones per toe expect the 1st toe, which only has 2 bones.
Phalanges
Part of the foot that includes the talus and calcaneus.
Hindfoot
Part of the foot that includes the navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiforms.
Midfoot
Part of the foot that includes the 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges.
Forefoot
The padded portion of the sole of the foot at the metatarsal heads and the contact point when you stand on your toes.
Ball of the Foot
Movement in which the dorsal surface of the foot moves superiorly and decreases the angle of the ankle. Occurs in the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis and between the talus and the 2 distal points of the shin bone.
Dorsiflexion
Movement in which the plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly and increases the angle of the ankle. Occurs in the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis and between the talus and the 2 distal points of the shin bone.
Plantar Flexion
Movement of the sole of the foot towards the midsagittal plane. Occurs in the frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis and between the calcaneus and talus bones.
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midsagittal plane. Occurs in the frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis and between the calcaneus and talus bones.
Eversion
Movement of the forefoot away from the midline of the body (happens in a small way when you walk). Occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis.
Abduction of the Forefoot
Movement of the forefoot towards the midline of the body (happens in a small way when you walk). Occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis.
Adduction of the Forefoot
A combination movement of dorsiflexion, eversion, and forefoot abduction.
Pronation
A combination movement of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction.
Supination
The primary weight bearing bone of the leg, otherwise known as the shin bone.
Tibia
A bone that carries approximately 1/6th of body weight and was previously thought to be a non-weight bearing bone.
Fibula
What are the 6 components of the fibula?
1) Apex (aka. Styloid Process)
2) Head
3) Neck
4) Shaft
5) Interosseous Border
6) Lateral Malleolus
The lateral projection of your ankle, also known as “little hammer.”
Lateral Malleolus
Part of the tibial plateau that articulates with the lateral femoral condyle.
Lateral Condyle of the Tibia
An area found on the tibia with medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles.
Intercondylar Eminence
Part of the tibial plateau that articulates with the medial femoral condyle.
Medial Condyle of the Tibia
A large prominence lateral and superior to the tibial tuberosity.
Gerdy’s Tubercle (aka. Tubercle of Iliotibial Tract)
A thin and prominent crest that provides attachment for the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula.
Interosseous Border
Normally lies anterior and superior to the lateral malleolus and works with it to help form the ankle joint, along with the talus.
Medial Malleolus
A ridge of bone on the posterior side of the tibia providing an attachment site for muscle.
Soleal Line
