Muscles of the Hip & Bursa of the Knee Flashcards
Connective tissue that runs throughout the body to provide structure and support.
Fascia
Connective tissue that invests throughout the thigh and surrounds the thigh muscles in a dense tubular sheath.
Fascia Lata
A very strong part of the fascia lata that thickens laterally. It attaches superiorly to the tubercle of the iliac crest and inferiorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and the patella.
Iliotibial Band
The IT band moves in front of the lateral epicondyle of the femur during knee _________, and moves behind it during knee _______.
Extension
Flexion
Proximal Attachment: sides of T12-L4 vertebrae and associated intervertebral discs
Distal Attachment: lesser trochanter of femur
Psoas Major
What are the 2 actions of psoas major?
1) Hip Flexion (Low Back is Fixed)
2) Lumbar Spine Flexion (Femur is Fixed)
Proximal Attachment: iliac fossa
Distal Attachment: lesser trochanter of femur
Iliacus
What are the 2 actions of iliacus?
1) Hip Flexion (Pelvis is Fixed)
2) Anterior Pelvic Tilt (Femur is Fixed)
Proximal Attachment: external and posterior surface of ilium, posterior surface of sacrum/coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament
Distal Attachment: iliotibial band (3/4 of fibres) and gluteal tuberosity (1/4 of fibres)
Gluteus Maximus
What are the 3 actions of gluteus maximus?
1) Hip Extension
2) Hip Lateral Rotation
3) Hip Abduction
Proximal Attachment: external ilium (anterior 2/3)
Distal Attachment: lateral surface of greater trochanter
Gluteus Medius
What are the 3 actions of gluteus medius?
1) Hip Abduction
2) Hip Flexion/Medial Rotation (Anterior Fibres)
3) Hip Extension/Lateral Rotation (Posterior Fibres)
Which muscle is responsible for pelvic support during weight bearing and is often referred to as the pelvic deltoid?
Gluteus Medius
A walking style due to weakness in gluteus medius, where the muscle lengthens and there is an opposite pelvic drop, especially when standing on one leg.
Trendelenburg Gait
Proximal Attachment: external ilium (deep to gluteus medius)
Distal Attachment: anterior surface of greater trochanter
Gluteus Minimus
What are the 3 actions of gluteus minimus?
1) Hip Flexion
2) Hip Abduction
3) Hip Medial Rotation
Proximal Attachment: outer ASIS
Distal Attachment: iliotibial band (approximately 1/3 down thigh)
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)
What are the 3 actions of TFL?
1) Hip Flexion
2) Hip Internal Rotation
3) Hip Abduction
Proximal Attachment: anterior sacrum travelling through greater sciatic notch
Distal Attachment: posteromedial aspect of greater trochanter
Piriformis
What are the 3 actions of piriformis?
1) Hip Lateral Rotation (Anatomical Position)
2) Hip Abduction (Hip Flexed up to 60 degrees)
3) Hip Medial Rotation (Hip Flexed Greater than 60 degrees)
What is the common action of gemellus superior/inferior and obturator internus/externus?
Hip Lateral Rotation
Proximal Attachment: lateral ischial tuberosity
Distal Attachment: intertrochanteric crest of femur
Quadratus Femoris
What is the action of quadratus femoris?
Hip Lateral Rotation
A bursa located between the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and the femur. It is connected to the joint capsule of the knee.
Suprapatellar Bursa
Which muscle holds the suprapatellar bursa in place and retracts it during knee extension?
Articularis Genu
A bursa located between the skin and the anterior part of the patella.
Subcutaneous Prepatellar Bursa
What is the layman’s term for subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis?
Housemaid’s Knee
A bursa located between the skin and the proximal tibia in the area of the tibial tuberosity.
Subcutaneous Infrapatellar Bursa
What is the layman’s term for subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?
Clergyman’s Knee (aka. Carpetlayer’s Knee)
A bursa located between the patellar ligament and the anterior tibia, just superior to the tibial tuberosity.
Deep Infrapatellar Bursa
A bursa located between the tendons of the pes anserinus muscles and the medial tibia.
Pes Anserine Bursa
What are the 3 pes anserinus muscles?
1) Sartorius
2) Gracilis
3) Semitendinosus
A bursa located between the tendons of the medial semimembranosus muscle and the medial gastrocnemius.
Medial Semimembranosus Bursa
What is the layman’s term for medial semimembranosus bursitis?
Baker’s Cyst
A bursa located between the iliotibial band and the lateral femoral epicondyle.
Bursa Deep to the Iliotibial Band
What is the layman’s term for IT band friction syndrome?
Runner’s Knee
