Space and Place SG3b Flashcards
What is the former name of Sri Lanka during British Colonial Rule?
Ceylon
What is Sri Lanka’s Population?
21,670,000
What is Sri Lanka’s largest city and commercial capital?
Colombo
What is the population of Colombo?
750,000 - 30% of Sri Lanka’s population
What % of the population are Sinhalese who are mainly Buddhists and form the majority population?
74.9%
What % of the population are Tamils who are mainly Hindu and form a minority population?
11.2%
What % of Sri Lanka’s total population is living in rural areas?
82%
What happened in 1948?
Sri Lanka gained independence from almost 150 years of British Colonial Rule
What happened in 1979?
Civil war between the Sinhalese government and the Tamils, lasting 26 years and killing 100,000 people
What happened in 2004?
The Boxing Day tsunami killed 40,000 people in Sri Lanka and destroyed entire communities along the coastline
What happened in 2009?
Government forces defeated the ‘Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam’ (LTTE or Tamil Tigers), a peace agreement was signed ending the civil war
What Classification is Sri Lanka?
EDC
What is Sri Lanka’s GDP per capita?
$11,000
What is Sri Lanka’s HDI?
0.77
What is Sri Lanka’s Gini Coefficient?
0.39
What is the GDP per capita for the Asian Tigers?
Range from $35,000 to $83,000
What is the HDI for the Asian Tigers?
Range from 0.88 to 0.91
What is the Gini Coefficient for the Asian Tigers?
Range from 0.3 to 0.54
What are the 4 Asian Tigers?
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan
What is the Batticaloa District?
This area is located in the East of Sri Lanka in the Eastern Province
What is the Colombo District?
This area is located in the South West of Sri Lanka in the Western Province
What is the ethnicity/religion of the Colombo District?
77% Sinhalese majority, mainly Buddhist
What is the ethnicity/religion of the Batticaloa District?
72% Tamil majority, mainly Hindu
What is the ethnicity/religion of Sri Lanka?
75% Sinhalese, mainly Buddhist
What is the Poverty Headcount Index for the Colombo District?
0.9% - lowest poverty rate of all districts
What is the Poverty Headcount Index for the Batticaloa District?
11.3% - 3rd highest rate of poverty compared to other districts
What is the Poverty Headcount Index for Sri Lanka?
4.1%
What is the infant mortality rate in the Colombo District?
9
What is the infant mortality rate in the Batticaloa District?
10
What is the infant mortality rate in Sri Lanka?
10
What is the computer literacy rate in the Colombo District?
44%
What is the computer literacy rate in the Batticaloa District?
17%
What is the computer literacy rate in Sri Lanka?
28%
What % of households have internet in the Colombo District?
31%
What % of households have internet in the Batticaloa District?
13%
What % of households have internet in Sri Lanka?
16%
What is the employment structure in the Colombo District?
Agriculture = 2% Industry = 28% Services = 70%
What is the employment structure in the Batticaloa District?
Agriculture = 25% Industry = 30% Services = 45%
What is the employment structure in Sri Lanka?
Agriculture = 26% Industry = 27% Services = 47%
What is the employment rate in the Colombo District?
2%
What is the employment rate in the Batticaloa District?
5%
What is the employment rate in Sri Lanka?
4%
What is the mean household income (in rupees) for the Colombo District?
104,581
What is the mean household income (in rupees) for the Batticaloa District?
40,356
What is the mean household income (in rupees) for Sri Lanka?
43,511
What % of Colombo’s population are living in Underserved Settlements (USS)?
50%
What is Colombo’s Gini Coefficient?
0.46
What are three perceptions of the slum dwellers?
People outside see it negatively, Perceptions can differ depending on age/where they live, Some people living in the slums don’t like that they can’t send their children to school
What are three social issues of the slums?
Children can’t go to school as they don’t own the land they live on so don’t have the correct documents, People are embarrassed about where they live, 30% of structures are temporary
What are three economic issues of the slums?
9% of families don’t have a regular income as they work in the informal sector, Only 10-25% of families receive poor relief support, Can’t afford to rent or buy so have to build
What are three environmental issues of the slums?
Only 51% of families have access to sewage so a lot is discharged into canals, Only 85% of houses have domestic waste collection, Only 30% have access to clean water
What did the Sahaspura redevelopment scheme involve?
Moving people out of slum areas into high rise flats
What does Sahaspura allow the government to do?
It allows them to clear the land for commercial development
What are three positive outcomes of Sahaspura?
People are given the deeds to their flats which creates opportunities, Electricity and sewage provided, People feel more socially mobile
What are three issues of Sahaspura?
Flat prices are high for people who used to live in slums, Some people feel trapped in the flats if they have limited mobility, Over 77,000 USS families still living in slums
Who was the Gothamipura project funded by?
International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
What is the Gothamipura District (a USS in Colombo) an example of?
How the local community can shape the place they live in with the help from a range of players
What did the Gothamipura project involve?
The collaboration between IDRC, Sevantha (an NGO) and Colombo Municipal Council (CMC)
By how much is the average income per month in Gothamipura lower than other urban residents in Sri Lanka?
1/2
What % of Gothamipura’s residents have access to private toilets?
94% - however, none of them are connected to the main sewage system
What % of Gothamipura’s population is unsatisfied with the rubbish disposal system?
75%
Define Top Down Strategy
Controlled by governments and international agencies to alleviate poverty with large-scale strategies
Define Bottom Up (Grass Roots) Strategy
A smaller scale alternative which involves and empowers local communities, it is more sustainable
Is Sahaspura top down or bottom up?
Top down
Is Gothamipura top down or bottom up?
Bottom up
What three key factors contribute to the Digital Divide?
Low levels of education, Poor English language fluency, Low income
Define Digital Divide
An economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies
Define Infant Mortality Rate
The death of children under the age of 1 years per 1,000 live births
Define Poverty Headcount Index
The proportion of the district’s population that exists, or lives, below the poverty line at $1.50 per day
Define Slums
Areas where people have moved into pre-existing buildings e.g. houses in states of disrepair
Define Shanties
Homes that people have built themselves in areas where there is a free bit of land
Define Underserved Settlements (USS)
Areas within the city boundaries that have limited access to basic services e.g. water and sanitation