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Geography > Glaciated Landscapes SG2a > Flashcards

Glaciated Landscapes SG2a Flashcards

1
Q

Define Geomorphic Processes

A

Natural mechanisms of weathering, mass movement, erosion, transportation and deposition which all influence the glaciated landscape system

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2
Q

Define Weathering

A

The in situ breakdown of rocks exposed at, or near, the land surface by physical, chemical or biological processes

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3
Q

Define Erosion

A

The wearing away or removal of rock and other material by a moving force

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4
Q

What are the five types of chemical weathering?

A

Oxidation, Solution, Hydration, Carbonation, Hydrolysis

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5
Q

What are the three types of physical weathering?

A

Freeze-thaw, Frost shattering, Pressure release

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6
Q

What are the two types of biological weathering?

A

Tree roots, Organic acids

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7
Q

Define Mass Movement

A

The downslope transportation of material under gravity

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8
Q

What are the three main types of mass movement?

A

Slump, Slide, Rock falls

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9
Q

Define Slides

A

Occur when an entire mass of material moves downwards along a straight line slip plane

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10
Q

Define Slumps

A

Occur where material slips down a curved slip plane with a rotational movement, leaving a series of back tilted steps or terraces

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11
Q

Define Rock Falls

A

Occur on a steep slope (over 70 degrees) where bare rock becomes detached from the slope by physical weathering and falls to the foot of the slope under gravity to form scree

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12
Q

What are the two types of erosion associated with glaciers?

A

Abrasion, Plucking

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13
Q

Define Nivation

A

A glacial process thought to include a combination of freeze-thaw, solifluction, transportation by water and possibly chemical weathering responsible for the initial enlargement of a hillside hollow

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14
Q

What are the three types of glacial debris during transportation?

A

Subglacial, Englacial, Supraglacial

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15
Q

Define Subglacial Debris

A

Transported at the base of the glacier, Mainly comes from plucking and abrasion

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16
Q

Define Englacial Debris

A

Carried within the glacier, Comes from surface debris which has fallen down a crevasse, sunken into the glacier or be buried by snowfall

17
Q

Define Supraglacial Debris

A

Carried on the surface of the glacier, Comes from weathering and mass movement

18
Q

Define Glacial Till

A

Material deposited directly by the ice

19
Q

Define Glacio-Fluvial Material

A

Deposited by meltwater

20
Q

What are the two types of drift?

A

Glacial till and Glacio-fluvial material

21
Q

Define Lodgement Till

A

Material deposited at the base of advancing glaciers due to basal melting, The material is smeared onto the underlying rock due to the pressure of the ice as it continues to move

22
Q

Define Ablation Till

A

Material deposited as the ice melts away from retreating/stagnant glaciers

23
Q

What are the four distinctive characteristics of glacial till?

A

Angular, Unsorted, Unstratified, No orientation

24
Q

Define Corrie

A

An arm-chair shaped hollow found on upland hills or mountain sides with a steep back wall, over deepened basin and a rock lip

25
Q

Define Arete

A

A narrow, steep sided ridge formed due to the erosion of two neighbouring corries on the same mountain

26
Q

Define Pyramidal Peak

A

An angular, sharply pointed mountain top formed due to the erosion of three or more corries on the same mountain

27
Q

Define Glacial Trough

A

A U shaped valley with steep, straight sides and a flat or rounded bottom, carved by a glacier

28
Q

Define Rock Basin

A

An over deepened section of the floor of the glacial trough, which may be filled in with water post glacially

29
Q

Define Rock Bar

A

A rid or outcrop of rock (more resistant) either side of the rock basins

30
Q

Define Ribbon Lake

A

A long, narrow, finger shaped lake usually found in a glacial trough

31
Q

Define Hanging Valley

A

A smaller tributary to the side of the main glacial trough left ‘hanging’ above the main u-shaped valley

32
Q

Define Trough End

A

A steep wall at the head of the glacial trough

33
Q

Define Truncated Spurs

A

A steep wall on the side of a glaciated valley between two tributary valleys where the glacier has eroded through a former interlocking spur

34
Q

Define Misfit Stream

A

A river that is too small to have eroded the valley in which it flows

35
Q

Define Roche Moutonnees

A

A mass of more resistant rock on the floor of a glacial trough which is smooth and rounded (sometimes with striations) on the stoss and steep and jagged on the lee

36
Q

Define Striations

A

Scratches in the rock formed when a glacier has large debris in it

Geography (40 decks)

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