Disease Dilemmas SG4

Question 1

What are three opportunities globalisation has created for better health and disease management worldwide?

Answer 1

Improved technology allows rapid exchange of information and a coordinated response, Healthcare workers able to travel to affected areas, Distribution of vaccines

Question 2

What are three challenges created for disease management and health by globalisation?

Answer 2

Mobility of people means contagious diseases spread easily, Obesity due to globalisation of fastfood, Diseases become resistant to medicines due to increased spread and more incidence of it

Question 3

What does SARS stand for?

Answer 3

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Question 4

When did the SARS outbreak begin?

Answer 4

November 2002

Question 5

Who was the first SARS victim?

Answer 5

Farmer in Foshan County, Guangdong Provence

Question 6

When was WHO notified about SARS?

Answer 6

10th February 2003

Question 7

Number of countries affected by SARS

Answer 7

29

Question 8

Number of deaths from SARS

Answer 8

1,000

Question 9

When was the SARS outbreak declared over?

Answer 9

July 2003

Question 10

What are two international prevention strategies by WHO for SARS?

Answer 10

Emergency travel recommendations, Developing a vaccine for SARS

Question 11

What are two international diagnosis strategies by WHO for SARS?

Answer 11

Education campaign to inform travellers of the symptoms, Lab tests by the WHO have been developed

Question 12

What are two government prevention strategies for SARS?

Answer 12

The Singapore Government enforced a compulsory quarantine on any infected person, Closed schools and all public events were postponed

Question 13

What are two government diagnosis strategies for SARS?

Answer 13

The Singapore Government advised people with the symptoms to contact a doctor, International travellers into and out of Singapore were screened for SARS

Question 14

What are two government treatment strategies for SARS?

Answer 14

The Tan Tock Seng Hospital in Singapore was designated to be the SARS hospital, Antiviral medications and steroids were sometimes given to reduce lung swelling

Question 15

What are three reasons SARS didn’t become a full scale pandemic?

Answer 15

Coordinated international response, Designation of SARS dedicated hospitals, Mass media campaigns to educate the public

Question 16

What are the six key areas of WHOs work?

Answer 16

Publishes an annual report on world health statistics, Predicts disease outbreaks, Helps research disease, Develops global strategies for pandemics, Support programmes for member states, Achieving universal health coverage

Question 17

Where can all the world health statistics be accessed?

Answer 17

The Global Health Observatory

Question 18

How many health indicators are collected on the 194 member states?

Answer 18

> 1,000

Question 19

What did WHO predict about the Zika virus?

Answer 19

4 million people would be infected in 2015, with an explosive spread across N&S America

Question 20

What action did WHO take in response to the Zika virus?

Answer 20

Emergency meeting in 2016 to determine if it’s a global emergency

Question 21

What are three reasons predicting disease outbreaks (e.g. Zika virus) is so important?

Answer 21

Public health warnings can be put in place, International awareness created, Funding for research and mosquito control efforts

Question 22

Which diseases are WHO researching in Mexico?

Answer 22

Chagas disease and Dengue fever?

Question 23

How has WHOs research helped prevention of Chagas disease?

Answer 23

Installed screens to houses to stop insects getting in, Education schemes for children, Clean up operations of rubbish

Question 24

What are three examples of work done by WHO to prevent SARS becoming a global pandemic?

Answer 24

Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, Network of 11 laboratories in 9 countries around the world to combat the disease, Researchers shared data through a secure server and daily phone conferences

Question 25

What are three roles WHO played in the 2014 Ebola outbreak?

Answer 25

Outbreak coordination centre, Training local people to help with samples, Social mobilisation

Question 26

What is WHOs overarching aim?

Answer 26

Universal Health Coverage - Sustainable Development Goal 3

Question 27

What is Universal Health Coverage?

Answer 27

Everyone has access to healthcare, information and medication

Question 28

Define British Red Cross

Answer 28

Part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the world’s largest independent humanitarian network

Question 29

What was the national strategy of the Red Cross?

Answer 29

Overall strategy was organised around five outcomes and their related outputs

Question 30

What was the local strategy of the Red Cross?

Answer 30

Education, Contact tracing, Dead body management, Treatment centres for 900 patients

Question 31

Define Physical Barriers

Answer 31

Factors that lead to isolation of communities and restrictions of population movement e.g. mountain ranges, deserts, extreme climates, etc.

Question 32

What is an example of remoteness being an advantage in reducing the risk of contagious diseases?

Answer 32

Maryland, USA - Chesapeake Bay divides the state into two distinct regions. The bay acted as a barrier to population movement so limited the spread of measles in 1917-38

Question 33

What is an example of remoteness being a disadvantage in reducing the risk of contagious diseases?

Answer 33

In remote areas that are difficult to access, disease can quickly get out of control and become a epidemic e.g. Haiti - spread of cholera due to remoteness of rural areas

Question 34

Lack of outside contact with the world could lead to reduced natural immunity meaning…

Answer 34

If a disease is introduced it is likely to spread quickly and affect a high proportion of the population