Disease Dilemmas SG4 Flashcards
What are three opportunities globalisation has created for better health and disease management worldwide?
Improved technology allows rapid exchange of information and a coordinated response, Healthcare workers able to travel to affected areas, Distribution of vaccines
What are three challenges created for disease management and health by globalisation?
Mobility of people means contagious diseases spread easily, Obesity due to globalisation of fastfood, Diseases become resistant to medicines due to increased spread and more incidence of it
What does SARS stand for?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
When did the SARS outbreak begin?
November 2002
Who was the first SARS victim?
Farmer in Foshan County, Guangdong Provence
When was WHO notified about SARS?
10th February 2003
Number of countries affected by SARS
29
Number of deaths from SARS
1,000
When was the SARS outbreak declared over?
July 2003
What are two international prevention strategies by WHO for SARS?
Emergency travel recommendations, Developing a vaccine for SARS
What are two international diagnosis strategies by WHO for SARS?
Education campaign to inform travellers of the symptoms, Lab tests by the WHO have been developed
What are two government prevention strategies for SARS?
The Singapore Government enforced a compulsory quarantine on any infected person, Closed schools and all public events were postponed
What are two government diagnosis strategies for SARS?
The Singapore Government advised people with the symptoms to contact a doctor, International travellers into and out of Singapore were screened for SARS
What are two government treatment strategies for SARS?
The Tan Tock Seng Hospital in Singapore was designated to be the SARS hospital, Antiviral medications and steroids were sometimes given to reduce lung swelling
What are three reasons SARS didn’t become a full scale pandemic?
Coordinated international response, Designation of SARS dedicated hospitals, Mass media campaigns to educate the public
What are the six key areas of WHOs work?
Publishes an annual report on world health statistics, Predicts disease outbreaks, Helps research disease, Develops global strategies for pandemics, Support programmes for member states, Achieving universal health coverage
Where can all the world health statistics be accessed?
The Global Health Observatory
How many health indicators are collected on the 194 member states?
> 1,000
What did WHO predict about the Zika virus?
4 million people would be infected in 2015, with an explosive spread across N&S America
What action did WHO take in response to the Zika virus?
Emergency meeting in 2016 to determine if it’s a global emergency
What are three reasons predicting disease outbreaks (e.g. Zika virus) is so important?
Public health warnings can be put in place, International awareness created, Funding for research and mosquito control efforts
Which diseases are WHO researching in Mexico?
Chagas disease and Dengue fever?
How has WHOs research helped prevention of Chagas disease?
Installed screens to houses to stop insects getting in, Education schemes for children, Clean up operations of rubbish
What are three examples of work done by WHO to prevent SARS becoming a global pandemic?
Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, Network of 11 laboratories in 9 countries around the world to combat the disease, Researchers shared data through a secure server and daily phone conferences
What are three roles WHO played in the 2014 Ebola outbreak?
Outbreak coordination centre, Training local people to help with samples, Social mobilisation
What is WHOs overarching aim?
Universal Health Coverage - Sustainable Development Goal 3
What is Universal Health Coverage?
Everyone has access to healthcare, information and medication
Define British Red Cross
Part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the world’s largest independent humanitarian network
What was the national strategy of the Red Cross?
Overall strategy was organised around five outcomes and their related outputs
What was the local strategy of the Red Cross?
Education, Contact tracing, Dead body management, Treatment centres for 900 patients
Define Physical Barriers
Factors that lead to isolation of communities and restrictions of population movement e.g. mountain ranges, deserts, extreme climates, etc.
What is an example of remoteness being an advantage in reducing the risk of contagious diseases?
Maryland, USA - Chesapeake Bay divides the state into two distinct regions. The bay acted as a barrier to population movement so limited the spread of measles in 1917-38
What is an example of remoteness being a disadvantage in reducing the risk of contagious diseases?
In remote areas that are difficult to access, disease can quickly get out of control and become a epidemic e.g. Haiti - spread of cholera due to remoteness of rural areas
Lack of outside contact with the world could lead to reduced natural immunity meaning…
If a disease is introduced it is likely to spread quickly and affect a high proportion of the population
