Powers and Borders SG2

Question 1

What are four factors influencing the loss of sovereignty and loss of territorial integrity?

Answer 1

Transnational corporations, Supranational institutions, Current political boundaries, Political dominance of ethnic groups

Question 2

Define Transnational Corporations (TNC)

Answer 2

A large business organisation which operates and has ownership of assets in more than one country

Question 3

Of the largest 100 economies in the world, how many are TNCs?

Answer 3

51

Question 4

What % of Nigeria’s exports is from oil?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

What % of Nigeria’s government revenue is from oil?

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

What fraction of Nigeria’s total output comes from Shell?

Answer 6

1/2

Question 7

What does the Nigerian government receive for every barrel of oil sold by Shell?

Answer 7

Taxes and royalties

Question 8

How many oil spills has there been in the Niger Delta since the 1960s?

Answer 8

> 4,000

Question 9

Who was Ken Saro-Wiwa?

Answer 9

The president of MOSOP

Question 10

What is MOSOP?

Answer 10

Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People - a protest movement formed by the Ogoni people to fight the oil industry

Question 11

What happened to Ken Saro-Wiwa and 8 other activists?

Answer 11

Arrested on ‘trumped up charges’ and hung, their bodies were dissolved in acid

Question 12

Define Supra-National Institution

Answer 12

A union or alliance of different countries having power or influence that transcends national boundaries or governments

Question 13

Define United Nations (UN)

Answer 13

An intergovernmental organisation founded in 1945 and committed to maintaining international peace and security

Question 14

Define NATO

Answer 14

An intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries

Question 15

Define European Union (EU)

Answer 15

An economic and political union between European countries

Question 16

Define Global Governance

Answer 16

Intervention by the global community. It can be carried out by the UN, NATO, NGOs, etc.

Question 17

What happened in 1957?

Answer 17

The European Union began as a trading bloc called the European Economic Community (EEC)

Question 18

When did the UK become a member of the European Community (EC)?

Answer 18

1973

Question 19

When did the European Community (EC) become the EU as a result of the Maastricht Treaty?

Answer 19

1993

Question 20

When did the UK vote to leave the EU?

Answer 20

23rd June 2016

Question 21

Define Primacy (Supremacy) of EU Law

Answer 21

A norm which states that when domestic law of member states and EU law conflict, EU law prevails

Question 22

Define Pooled Sovereignty

Answer 22

The sharing of decision making powers between states in systems of international cooperation, and specifically within the EU

Question 23

Define Parliamentary Sovereignty

Answer 23

Makes parliament the supreme legal authority in the UK, which can create or end any law

Question 24

Why could it be argued that the UK parliament has still retained sovereignty despite supremacy of EU law?

Answer 24

The UK parliament can still make their own laws an opt out of some EU laws and agreements e.g. the Euro

Question 25

Under what act was Kashmir free to accede to India or Pakistan?

Answer 25

Indian Independence Act

Question 26

What was established in Kashmir by the UN under the 1972 Simla Agreement?

Answer 26

Line of Control (an example of a Defacto Border)

Question 27

Why is the Indus River system important to India?

Answer 27

It is one of two main river systems supporting the country’s northwest

Question 28

Why is the Indus River system important to Pakistan?

Answer 28

It is the only river system supporting the country, where more than 92% of the land is arid or semi-arid

Question 29

What happened in 1948 which led to global intervention?

Answer 29

The Standstill Agreement expired on March 31st 1948, so the Indian Punjab cut off water flow to Pakistan. The UN (through the World Bank) intervened with the Indus Water Treaty in 1960

Question 30

Define Line of Control

Answer 30

A border which is physically there but not legally, it is not internationally recognised

Question 31

Who controls the headwaters of the Indus?

Answer 31

India

Question 32

Define Area Beyond National Jurisdiction

Answer 32

Areas of ocean which no nation has sole responsibility for management, also called the high seas

Question 33

Define Global Commons

Answer 33

Natural resources that are now owned or controlled by any group or state e.g. oceans, atmosphere

Question 34

Define Continental Shelf

Answer 34

Where the shallow sea ends and enters deep sea

Question 35

Where is the Basque Region?

Answer 35

North Spain and south west France, at the western end of the Pyrenees

Question 36

What are three reasons people from the Basques see themselves as different from the rest of Spain?

Answer 36

Feel they are genetically and culturally different, Have their own language (Euskara), First people to live in Europe

Question 37

Why have the Basques felt oppressed?

Answer 37

April 26th 1937 - Germans killed 2,500 people in 2 hours by bombing them as the Spanish told Hitler to try out his war techniques on the Basques

Question 38

What is ETA?

Answer 38

A separatist movement set up in 1959 who believed that as they have their own language they should have their own state

Question 39

How many civilians were killed by ETA?

Answer 39

800