Global Migration SG2 Flashcards
What is Mexico’s GDP per capita?
$19,000
What is USA’s GDP per capita?
$57,000
What is Mexico’s HDI?
0.7
What is USA’s HDI?
0.9
What is the % of Mexico’s population living under the poverty line?
46%
What is the % of USA’s population living under the poverty line?
15%
What is Mexico’s Gini Coefficient?
0.48
What is USA’s Gini Coefficient?
0.45
What is Mexico’s Net Emigration Loss?
-1.7/1000
What % of Mexico’s native population live abroad?
11%
What are four intervening obstacles for Mexicans migrating to America?
Deserts (e.g. Arizona), Rivers (e.g. Rio Grande), Coyotes (paid to smuggle illegal immigrants into USA), 2,000 mile long Mexico/US border
What is the Bracero Program?
In 1940s-60s US allowed Mexican farm labourers to work legally in the US in a seasonal basis, employing 4.5 million workers
What did US do to ensure Mexicans returned home at the end of the farming season as part of the Bracero Program?
10% of their wages were withheld until the workers returned to Mexico
What is Operation Wetback?
In 1950s the US Government launched the operation to deport the growing numbers of illegal Mexican migrant workers who had crossed the border illegally or stayed behind after the end of the Bracero agricultural season
What is the Immigration and Nationality Act (1965)?
A strict quota on the number of Mexican migrant workers per year allowed into the US, leading to a 2 year waiting list and the start of a wave of illegal Mexican immigrants into the US
What are the Maquilas?
In Mid 1960s 13,000 US factories relocated to Mexico border towns to take advantage of growing unemployment, cheap labour and free trade to foreign owned factories in border towns
What is the Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)?
Legalised over 2 million unauthorised Mexicans in return for tougher border enforcement and penalties for American employers who hired unauthorised workers
What is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994)?
Economic integration between Mexico, US and Canada, A free trading bloc but not the free movement of people
What are the top 5 destination countries for Mexican migrants?
USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Guatemala
Why do Mexican’s migrate to USA?
Economic migration - higher wages and better job opportunities in US
Why do Mexican’s migrate to Canada?
Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (CSAWP) allowing entry into canada for low to mid-level skilled farm workers for up to eight months a year to fill labour shortages
Why do Mexican’s migrate to Spain?
Similarities in language and culture, Recruit from Mexico to operate in Mexican or Spanish companies in high positions
Why do people migrate from US to Mexico?
American entrepreneurs investing in Mexico, Returning with American born children, Deportation, Voluntary migration
Why do people migrate from Guatemala to Mexico?
Trans migrants on their way to USA due to political instability, natural disasters and a lack of economic opportunities in Guatemala
Why do people migrate from Spain to Mexico?
More opportunities for entrepreneurship, European financial crisis - unemployment in Spain reached 25% in Mexico only 4.8%
