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Geography > Glaciated Landscapes SG3b > Flashcards

Glaciated Landscapes SG3b Flashcards

1
Q

During what ice age did the Laurentide Ice Sheet exist?

A

The Pleistocene

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2
Q

Where was the Laurentide Ice Sheet centred?

A

What is now Hudson Bay

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3
Q

Were the four names given to the glaciations of the LIS?

A

Nebraskan, Kansan, Illinois, Wisconsin

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4
Q

What was the last glacial period in North America called?

A

Wisconsin Ice Stage

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5
Q

When was the LIS at its maximum extent?

A

21,000 years ago

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6
Q

At its maximum extent, what area did the LIS cover?

A

13,000,000km2

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7
Q

At its maximum extent, how far south did the LIS reach?

A

37 degrees N

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8
Q

How thick was the LIS?

A

2-3km

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9
Q

What were the four ice domes that made up the LIS?

A

Greenland Ice Sheet, Cordilleran Ice Sheet, Keewatin Sector, Labrador Sector

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10
Q

Where was the Labrador Sector centred?

A

Over Hudson Bay

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11
Q

Define Ice Dome

A

Where accumulation started and flowed outwards, Thickest bit of ice

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12
Q

How did the LIS impact mountains?

A

Massive erosional impact wore down many of the mountains

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13
Q

How high are the highest peaks now?

A

500m - 700m

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14
Q

What is the highest natural point in Minnesota with an elevation of 701m?

A

Eagle Point

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15
Q

Define Ellipsoidal Basin

A

Huge lake basins created by erosion where the ice sheet gouged out deep depressions in the bedrock

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16
Q

What is the largest ellipsoidal basin created by the LIS?

A

Hudson Bay

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17
Q

What is the area covered by Hudson Bay today?

A

1,230,000km2

18
Q

What are the five Great Lakes?

A

Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

19
Q

What were the Great Lakes formed by?

A

The advancing and retreating of ice lobes produced smaller ellipsoidal basins

20
Q

Define Ice Lobes

A

Tongue shaped glaciers extending from the margins of the main LIS

21
Q

What dammed the Great Lake basins?

A

Rock bars made from harder rock which wasn’t eroded, Deposited glacial till

22
Q

What was the geology of the Great Lakes area?

A

Mainly sedimentary (e.g. limestones, shales and sandstone) with some outcrops of resistant igneous rock (e.g. Canadian Shield an area of granite and gneiss)

23
Q

Where is an example of striations?

A

The shore of Lake Superior

24
Q

How do striations form?

A

Subglacial debris scratches the bedrock as the LIS moved over it

25
Q

Define Mega Scale Lineations (MSL)

A

Valley like features formed due to erosion and scouring of the bedrock as a result of ice streams within LIS

26
Q

How long can MSLs be?

A

100s of km

27
Q

How deep can MSLs be?

A

100s of m

28
Q

How wide can MSLs be?

A

100s of m

29
Q

What are the four ice lobes of the LIS which deposited material as till sheets and moraines?

A

Wadena, Rainy, Superior, Des Moines

30
Q

Where did the Wadena Lobe advance from?

A

The North

31
Q

What till did the Wadena Lobe deposit?

A

Red and sandy till derived from the red sandstone and shales to the North and North East

32
Q

Where did the Rainy and Superior Lobes advance from?

A

The North East

33
Q

What till did the Rainy and Superior Lobes deposit?

A

Coarse textured till of basalts, gabbro, granite, iron formation, red sandstones, slate and greenstone strewn across the north-eastern half of Minnesota

34
Q

Where did the Des Moines Lobe advance from?

A

The North West

35
Q

What till did the Des Moines Lobe deposit?

A

Fine-textured till coloured buff to tan and is clay rich and calcareous due to shale and limestone rocks at its source

36
Q

How many drumlins are in the New York swarm?

A

10,000

37
Q

What are the erratics in south-western Minnesota?

A

Three Maidens

38
Q

What is the composition of the Three Maidens and the country rock of where they were deposited?

A

Three Maidens = Pink and grey granite

Country Rock = Sioux quartzite

39
Q

Define Proglacial Lake

A

A body of water impounded in front of a glacier/ice sheet

40
Q

What is an example of a proglacial lake?

A

Lake Missoula

41
Q

Why did Lake Missoula form?

A

500 cubic miles of meltwater was trapped behind a wall of ice

42
Q

How many mega-floods did the Lake Missoula cause?

A

100 floods over 2,000 years

Geography (40 decks)

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