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Geography > Hazardous Earth SG5 > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth SG5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are three reasons we are now more at risk from tectonic hazards?

A

Urbanisation (high population and building density), Increasing global population, Climate change

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2
Q

What are three reasons we are now less at risk from tectonic hazards?

A

Aseismic design, Education/preparedness, Improved technology (communication and monitoring)

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3
Q

Define Hazard

A

A natural event with the POTENTIAL to threaten life and property

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4
Q

Define Disaster

A

A natural event which DOES impact a population

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5
Q

What certain numbers need to be reached for a natural event to be called a disaster?

A

10 deaths and 100 people affected

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6
Q

What is the Disaster Risk equation?

A

Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability/Capacity to Cope

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7
Q

Define Risk

A

The likelihood that humans will be seriously affected by a hazardous event

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8
Q

Define Vulnerability

A

How susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard

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9
Q

Define Capacity to Cope

A

The ability of people, organisations and systems (using available skills and resources) to manage risk or disasters

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10
Q

Define Resilience

A

The ability too ‘spring back’ from the impacts of a hazard

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11
Q

What does capacity to cope require?

A

Continuing awareness, Resources and Good management, both in normal times as well as during disasters

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12
Q

What are three socio-economic factors which influence a population’s degree of vulnerability to tectonic hazards?

A

Building design and quality, Level of development, Insurance

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13
Q

What are three physical factors which influence a population’s degree of vulnerability to tectonic hazards?

A

Type of hazard, Frequency, Location of epicentre

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14
Q

What are three political factors which influence a population’s degree of vulnerability to tectonic hazards?

A

Stability of the government, Government strategies to protect population, Government spending

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15
Q

What fraction of the world’s population will be urban by 2050?

A

2/3

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16
Q

What does the World Risk Index consider?

A

A number of factors which affect the level of risk to disasters

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17
Q

What are the four categories of the World Risk Index?

A

Exposure, Susceptibility, Coping capacity, Adaptive capacity

18
Q

True or False: The number of recorded geophysical disasters has increased over the last 50 years

A

True

19
Q

True of False: Deaths caused by tectonic hazards has fallen in recent decades

A

False

20
Q

True or False: The total number of people affected by geophysical disasters has increased in recent years

A

True

21
Q

True or False: The economic impact of tectonic hazards has tended to decrease through time

A

False

22
Q

Why are none of the top 5 tectonic disasters volcanic eruptions?

A

Earthquakes can be more unpredictable, Earthquakes impact larger amounts of people due to there being lower population densities around volcanoes

23
Q

What are five reasons data about disasters can be unreliable?

A

Differences in opinions over whether secondary deaths count, Difficult to collect statistics, Location bias, Political bias, Difficulty interpreting historical data

24
Q

Define Hazard Management Cycle

A

How we respond to tectonic events can determine how large and how long lasting the disaster is

25
Q

What is the Park’s Model of Disaster Response Curve?

A

An attempt to model the impact of a disaster from pre to post disaster

26
Q

What is Stage 1 of the Park’s Model?

A

Occurs prior to the event and shows that quality of life is at its normal equilibrium level, People do their best to prevent and prepare for events

27
Q

What is Stage 2 of the Park’s Model?

A

The hazard event occurs

28
Q

What is Stage 3 of the Park’s Model?

A

The hazard event has happened and immediate relief is priority with search and rescue and medical attention underway, Quality of life drops and stays low for several hours to days

29
Q

What is Stage 4 of the Park’s Model?

A

Where groups (e.g. government) tries to return the state of things back to normal (rehabilitation) by providing food, water and shelter to those who need it, Quality of life improves

30
Q

What is Stage 5 of the Park’s Model?

A

Refers to the reconstruction and recovery, Quality of life returns to normal (sometimes higher than originally)

31
Q

What five physical factors determine the rate at which quality of life deteriorates?

A

Type of hazard, Location of hazard, Magnitude of event, Length of occurrence, Speed of onset

32
Q

What four human factors determine the rate at which quality of life deteriorates?

A

Building quality, Building density, Population density, Level of preparation (e.g. monitoring)

33
Q

What three physical factors determine the rate at which quality of life improves?

A

Weather, Amount of damage done, Aftershocks

34
Q

What six human factors determine the rate at which quality of life improves?

A

Community/international response, Crime, Speed and amount of aid, Coordination of agencies, Amount of money/insurance, Land use planning

35
Q

What is the Sendai Framework?

A

Adopted by UN members in March 2015 and provides a comprehensive guidance for Disaster Risk Reduction

36
Q

What is a key strategy of the Sendai Framework?

A

“Build Back Better” in order to reduce vulnerability and economic losses from a disaster

37
Q

What are the Sustainable Development Goals (2015 to 2030)?

A

Latest UN initiative to improve the lives of people, especially in EDCs and LIDCs

38
Q

What are three examples of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

A

No poverty, Clean water and sanitation, Sustainable cities and communities

39
Q

Define Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

A

A systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster

40
Q

What does Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aim to reduce?

A

Aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them

Geography (40 decks)

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