Powers and Borders SG3 Flashcards
What are six causes of conflict?
Contested territory, Separatism, Movement across borders by terrorists/extremists, Partition of ethnic groups, TNCs have more power than the government, Supremacy of EU law
Define Separatism
A group of people wanting to be separate/independent from the main country
Define Caliphate
A territory under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as a caliph
Define Global Governance
The intervention by the global community to regulate issues such as human rights, sovereignty and territorial integrity
What does the effectiveness of global governance depend on?
The interaction, cooperation and coordination of all organisations involved at every single level
Define Norms
Accepted moral principles, customs and ways of life which are universally accepted as standard behaviour
Define Treaty
An international agreement by 2 or more states, governed by international law and intended to create a legal obligation
Define International Law
Body of law that governs international relations between states and nations, and provides the framework for the obligations of states to be maintained
How many states are members of the UN?
193
What are the four nation states not part of the UN?
Kosovo, Taiwan, Vatican City, Palestine
What does the UN Charter set out?
The basic principles of global governance and functions of the UN
What are five branches of the UN?
The Security Council, WHO, UNHCR, World Bank Group, UNESCO
What does the UN Security Council do?
Has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security
How does the UN Security Council play a role in a conflict situation?
Might send UN peacekeeping forces, establish international sanctions and authorise military action
What does WHO stand for?
World Health Organisation
When was WHO founded?
7th April 1948 (World Health Day)
What does WHO do?
It is a specialised agency of the UN concerned with international public health
How does WHO play a role in a conflict situation?
Send health workers who must often grant priority to non-medical aid e.g. food, shelter. May also need to address public health issues e.g. cholera outbreak
What does UNHCR stand for?
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
What does the UNHCR do?
Help to protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people
How does the UNHCR play a role in a conflict situation?
Will set up refugee camps in safe areas and provide humanitarian aid. In the long term they will help with repatriation of refugees to their homeland
What does the World Bank Group do?
Family of five international organisations that make loans to developing countries, want to end extreme poverty and build shared prosperity
How does the World Bank Group play a role in a conflict situation?
Provides financial aid to rebuild states recovering from conflict, make states resilient to threats and develop infrastructure to enable people to resume peaceful lives
What does UNESCO stand for?
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
What does UNESCO do?
Contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific and cultural reforms to increase universal respect for justice, rule of law and human rights
How does UNESCO play a role in a conflict situation?
Help safeguard cultural heritage during armed conflict through criminal sanctions. Plays a more active role in rebuilding education systems, drawing in curriculum development and teacher training
Define Intervention
Actions of a state, group of states or international organisations in a foreign territory to end gross violations of human rights
What three things can intervention include?
Military force, Economic sanctions, Assistance of NGOs
What is the focus of NATO?
Safeguarding freedom and security for the member states
What can NATO do that the UN can’t?
Instigate military action beyond peacekeeping if diplomacy fails
What principle does NATO have?
Collective defence
Define Collective Defence
An attack on one country is seen as an attack against all countries
What was the formation of the EU based on?
The need for lasting peace after WW2
Why did the EU want to extend peace to international trade?
To enhance economic interdependence, making conflict less likely
What can NGOs also be called?
CSOs - Civil Society Organisations
Define UN
An international organisation set up in 1945 to promote peace, international cooperation and security
Define NATO
An intergovernmental supranational military alliance of 29 North American and European countries, formed in 1949
Define EU
An economic and political union of European countries which promotes free movement of people, goods, services and money
Define NGOs
Non-governmental organisations which are not part of the government or linked to business, and do not run for profit
What is the interest of NGOs?
The civilian society
What are four examples of NGOs?
Medicins Sans Frontieres, Oxfam, ICRC, Amnesty International
What does ICRC stand for?
International Committee for the Red Cross
What does Medicins Sans Frontieres do?
Provide emergency health care
What does Oxfam do?
Focus on the alleviation of poverty
What does ICRC do?
Humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war
What does Amnesty International do?
Focus on human rights, reducing injustice and inequality
What are two examples of flows of people in geopolitical intervention?
Movement of IDPs and refugees, UN and NATO peacekeeping forces entering an area
What are three examples of flows of money in geopolitical intervention?
International/humanitarian aid, Financial help with reconstruction, Paying peacekeeping troops
What are two examples of flows of ideas and technology in geopolitical intervention?
Drones/cameras/satellites to identify a target, Social networks to reconnect separated families
What are three short term benefits of global governance where sovereignty has been threatened?
Humanitarian aid from NGOs, Installation of peacekeeping forces to maintain peace and protect civilians, Setting up camps for refugees and IDPs in safe areas
What are three long term benefits of global governance where sovereignty has been threatened?
Agricultural training to improve security, Training of police and military to reinforce rule of law, Supporting democracy through electoral process
What are three short term benefits of global governance where territorial integrity has been threatened?
Security and protection of civilians in conflict zones with the help of peacekeeping forces, Humanitarian assistance to IDPs and refugees, Border control to facilitate movement of goods and people
What are three long term benefits of global governance where territorial integrity has been threatened?
Mediation and fostering of cooperation between the countries involved, Restore territory according to international law, Re-establish state authority and state apparatus
What is the quote by Kofi Annan, former general secretary of the UN?
“There will be no development without security and no security without development”
