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Geography > Powers and Borders SG3 > Flashcards

Powers and Borders SG3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are six causes of conflict?

A

Contested territory, Separatism, Movement across borders by terrorists/extremists, Partition of ethnic groups, TNCs have more power than the government, Supremacy of EU law

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2
Q

Define Separatism

A

A group of people wanting to be separate/independent from the main country

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3
Q

Define Caliphate

A

A territory under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as a caliph

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4
Q

Define Global Governance

A

The intervention by the global community to regulate issues such as human rights, sovereignty and territorial integrity

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5
Q

What does the effectiveness of global governance depend on?

A

The interaction, cooperation and coordination of all organisations involved at every single level

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6
Q

Define Norms

A

Accepted moral principles, customs and ways of life which are universally accepted as standard behaviour

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7
Q

Define Treaty

A

An international agreement by 2 or more states, governed by international law and intended to create a legal obligation

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8
Q

Define International Law

A

Body of law that governs international relations between states and nations, and provides the framework for the obligations of states to be maintained

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9
Q

How many states are members of the UN?

A

193

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10
Q

What are the four nation states not part of the UN?

A

Kosovo, Taiwan, Vatican City, Palestine

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11
Q

What does the UN Charter set out?

A

The basic principles of global governance and functions of the UN

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12
Q

What are five branches of the UN?

A

The Security Council, WHO, UNHCR, World Bank Group, UNESCO

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13
Q

What does the UN Security Council do?

A

Has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security

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14
Q

How does the UN Security Council play a role in a conflict situation?

A

Might send UN peacekeeping forces, establish international sanctions and authorise military action

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15
Q

What does WHO stand for?

A

World Health Organisation

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16
Q

When was WHO founded?

A

7th April 1948 (World Health Day)

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17
Q

What does WHO do?

A

It is a specialised agency of the UN concerned with international public health

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18
Q

How does WHO play a role in a conflict situation?

A

Send health workers who must often grant priority to non-medical aid e.g. food, shelter. May also need to address public health issues e.g. cholera outbreak

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19
Q

What does UNHCR stand for?

A

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

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20
Q

What does the UNHCR do?

A

Help to protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people

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21
Q

How does the UNHCR play a role in a conflict situation?

A

Will set up refugee camps in safe areas and provide humanitarian aid. In the long term they will help with repatriation of refugees to their homeland

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22
Q

What does the World Bank Group do?

A

Family of five international organisations that make loans to developing countries, want to end extreme poverty and build shared prosperity

23
Q

How does the World Bank Group play a role in a conflict situation?

A

Provides financial aid to rebuild states recovering from conflict, make states resilient to threats and develop infrastructure to enable people to resume peaceful lives

24
Q

What does UNESCO stand for?

A

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

25
Q

What does UNESCO do?

A

Contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific and cultural reforms to increase universal respect for justice, rule of law and human rights

26
Q

How does UNESCO play a role in a conflict situation?

A

Help safeguard cultural heritage during armed conflict through criminal sanctions. Plays a more active role in rebuilding education systems, drawing in curriculum development and teacher training

27
Q

Define Intervention

A

Actions of a state, group of states or international organisations in a foreign territory to end gross violations of human rights

28
Q

What three things can intervention include?

A

Military force, Economic sanctions, Assistance of NGOs

29
Q

What is the focus of NATO?

A

Safeguarding freedom and security for the member states

30
Q

What can NATO do that the UN can’t?

A

Instigate military action beyond peacekeeping if diplomacy fails

31
Q

What principle does NATO have?

A

Collective defence

32
Q

Define Collective Defence

A

An attack on one country is seen as an attack against all countries

33
Q

What was the formation of the EU based on?

A

The need for lasting peace after WW2

34
Q

Why did the EU want to extend peace to international trade?

A

To enhance economic interdependence, making conflict less likely

35
Q

What can NGOs also be called?

A

CSOs - Civil Society Organisations

36
Q

Define UN

A

An international organisation set up in 1945 to promote peace, international cooperation and security

37
Q

Define NATO

A

An intergovernmental supranational military alliance of 29 North American and European countries, formed in 1949

38
Q

Define EU

A

An economic and political union of European countries which promotes free movement of people, goods, services and money

39
Q

Define NGOs

A

Non-governmental organisations which are not part of the government or linked to business, and do not run for profit

40
Q

What is the interest of NGOs?

A

The civilian society

41
Q

What are four examples of NGOs?

A

Medicins Sans Frontieres, Oxfam, ICRC, Amnesty International

42
Q

What does ICRC stand for?

A

International Committee for the Red Cross

43
Q

What does Medicins Sans Frontieres do?

A

Provide emergency health care

44
Q

What does Oxfam do?

A

Focus on the alleviation of poverty

45
Q

What does ICRC do?

A

Humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war

46
Q

What does Amnesty International do?

A

Focus on human rights, reducing injustice and inequality

47
Q

What are two examples of flows of people in geopolitical intervention?

A

Movement of IDPs and refugees, UN and NATO peacekeeping forces entering an area

48
Q

What are three examples of flows of money in geopolitical intervention?

A

International/humanitarian aid, Financial help with reconstruction, Paying peacekeeping troops

49
Q

What are two examples of flows of ideas and technology in geopolitical intervention?

A

Drones/cameras/satellites to identify a target, Social networks to reconnect separated families

50
Q

What are three short term benefits of global governance where sovereignty has been threatened?

A

Humanitarian aid from NGOs, Installation of peacekeeping forces to maintain peace and protect civilians, Setting up camps for refugees and IDPs in safe areas

51
Q

What are three long term benefits of global governance where sovereignty has been threatened?

A

Agricultural training to improve security, Training of police and military to reinforce rule of law, Supporting democracy through electoral process

52
Q

What are three short term benefits of global governance where territorial integrity has been threatened?

A

Security and protection of civilians in conflict zones with the help of peacekeeping forces, Humanitarian assistance to IDPs and refugees, Border control to facilitate movement of goods and people

53
Q

What are three long term benefits of global governance where territorial integrity has been threatened?

A

Mediation and fostering of cooperation between the countries involved, Restore territory according to international law, Re-establish state authority and state apparatus

54
Q

What is the quote by Kofi Annan, former general secretary of the UN?

A

“There will be no development without security and no security without development”

Geography (40 decks)

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