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Geography > Powers and Borders SG4 > Flashcards

Powers and Borders SG4 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in December 2001 in Afghanistan?

A

UN established ISAF and became directly involved with the US invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11

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2
Q

What does ISAF stand for?

A

International Security Assistance Force

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3
Q

What happened in 2004 in Afghanistan?

A

First democratic elections held and installed Hamid Karzai as first elected president

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4
Q

What happened from August 2003 - December 2014?

A

NATO takes over the running of Afghanistan military operations from UN

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5
Q

What happened from January 1st 2015?

A

NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan, but 10,000 troops remain to train, advise and assist ANSF

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6
Q

What does ANSF stand for?

A

Afghan National Security Forces

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7
Q

What has been happening from 2003 to present day?

A

Taliban insurgency

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8
Q

Define Insurgency

A

Organised rebellion fighting a guerrilla war, trying to overthrow the government

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9
Q

What are three challenges to state sovereignty?

A

Intervention from other countries, NATO taking over Afghan military, Taliban insurgency

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10
Q

Define Durand Line

A

The 2,430km international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan

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11
Q

What is the Durand Line an example of?

A

A porous border

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12
Q

When was the Durand Line created?

A

In the 19th Century by the British

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13
Q

What has the Durand Line done to Pashtun ethnic groups?

A

Sliced them in two, but they still see themselves as one community so ignore the border

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14
Q

What is a large section of the Durand Line a divide between?

A

Afghanistan and FATA

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15
Q

What does FATA stand for?

A

Federally Administered Tribal Area

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16
Q

How many ethnically Pashtun Muslims live in FATA?

A

3 million

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17
Q

Despite having parliamentary in Pakistan, what doesn’t cover the FATA region?

A

The Jurisdiction of the Supreme and High Courts

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18
Q

Why has the FATA region become a Taliban stronghold?

A

The very traditional Islamic views held by tribal elders and the porous border allowed the Taliban to cross over when the UN entered Afghanistan

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19
Q

Where is the FATA region?

A

North Pakistan

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20
Q

What was the main aim of ISAF?

A

Increasing security in and around the capital of Kabul

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21
Q

Who was involved with ISAF?

A

Between 2011 and 2012 ISAF had >130,000 troops from 51 NATO members

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22
Q

How did ISAF help to resolve sovereignty issues?

A

ISAF supported the electoral process in 2004, allowing Hamid Karzai to become president

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23
Q

How many people were killed in Afghanistan in 2018?

A

2,500

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24
Q

What are people in Afghanistan today poorer than?

A

People in the 1950s

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25
Q

How long has it been since Afghanistan has known peace?

A

40 years

26
Q

How many Afghans have been killed in the conflict altogether?

A

111,000

27
Q

How many Afghan civilians have been injured in the conflict altogether?

A

30,000

28
Q

How many Afghan refugees were there by the end of 2001?

A

6 million

29
Q

What are the two main countries Afghan refugees went to?

A

Pakistan and Iran

30
Q

What was the Kacha Garhi refugee camp originally set up for?

A

70,000 Afghan refugees in 1980 due to the Soviet-Afghan war

31
Q

What did the UNHCR and NGOs provide at the Kacha Garhi camp?

A

Humanitarian aid e.g. tents, food, water, medicine

32
Q

When was the Kacha Garhi camp closed?

A

2007

33
Q

What are three examples of typical support provided to refugees?

A

Landmine awareness training, Shelter, Vaccinations

34
Q

Who are the NGO known as Caritas?

A

A relief arm of the Catholic Church running extensive poverty relief projects in Lahore, Pakistan

35
Q

What was the collaboration between UNHCR and Caritas trying to achieve?

A

Helping Afghan families in Lahore, Pakistan to repatriate back to Afghanistan

36
Q

Was the collaboration between UNHCR and Caritas a success?

A

2,000 Afghans identified by Caritas in Lahore have been repatriated, in total 8,000 families have been identified in Lahore

37
Q

Why did the UNHCR and Caritas work together?

A

Caritas had local knowledge of where the Afghan communities were in Lahore, which was unknown by UNHCR

38
Q

What are four interventions by UNHCR aimed at meeting the immediate needs of the returning refugees?

A

Encashment centres, Education, Shelter kits, Mini HEP schemes

39
Q

How many refugee children living in refugee villages in Pakistan are provided with access to primary education?

A

57,000

40
Q

In 2018, how many Afghan refugees were on a DAFI scholarship allowing them to study at a Pakistan university?

A

400

41
Q

How many refugees have returned to Afghanistan since 2002?

A

5 million

42
Q

What % has the population of Afghanistan increased by due to the repatriation of refugees?

A

20%

43
Q

What are three examples of community projects supported by AfghanAid?

A

Bee keeping, Farming, Sewing

44
Q

Why is AfghanAid an example of a bottom up approach, rather than a top down approach?

A

Set up forums and village councils where men and women can make decisions on what they need and what needs to be done - more sustainable as they don’t feel dictated

45
Q

Why are the projects by AfghanAid also an example of appropriate technology?

A

Low cost, simple to use, affordable

46
Q

What is a drawback for AfghanAid?

A

They have only been able to help rural areas which are safe for NGO workers to go to

47
Q

Define Local Community

A

Referring to the people on the ground who are impacted by the conflict

48
Q

How would Afghan citizen react to the removal of the Taliban from power?

A

Return home, Increased freedom of speech, Removal of restrictions

49
Q

How would refugees feel following their arrival in camps organised by UNHCR?

A

Feel sceptical, Safe, Potential strain on resources/water supply

50
Q

What is an impact of the removal of the Taliban on farmers?

A

Not allowed to farm opium anymore, so not making as much money

51
Q

What % of the country believes it is heading in the right direction?

A

70%

52
Q

How many businesses have opened since 2003 and how many jobs has it created?

A

350 businesses creating 50,000 jobs

53
Q

What was the life expectancy in 2001 and 2016?

A 
2001 = 39
2016 = 51.3
54
Q

What was the infant mortality rate in 2001 and 2016?

A 
2001 = 160/1000
2016 = 112/1000
55
Q

What % of children were employed in primary school in 2001 and 2016?

A 
2001 = 21%
2016 = 97%
56
Q

What is the literacy rate % for men/women in 2001 and 2016?

A 
2001 = 47/12
2016 = 52/24
57
Q

How many refugees/IDPs were there in 2001 and 2016?

A 
2001 = 6 million
2016 = 1.1 million
58
Q

What % of the population is unemployed?

A

40%

59
Q

What % of the population is under the poverty line?

A

55%

60
Q

What % of the land is cultivated?

A

6%

Geography (40 decks)

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