Social - 8 Flashcards
When does a group exist
A group exists when two or more people define themselves as members
What does a group need to have
Some sort of social structure - superior , subordinates
Describe tajfels study in 1971
48 British school boys - categorised into minimal groups
Tested whether people acted like a group
Ingroup bias - favour of own group
Allocated credits between group
People would allocate more credits to their own group
What is social facilitation
Performance improves in the presence of others
Triplett - people work faster when part of a group that than when in their own
What is social loafing
Performance declines in presence of a group
Ringelmann - people put more effort in on their own than in a group
What did cotrell believe cause social loafing or social facilitation
Depends on whether individual effort can be evaluated
Can be evaluated - possible evaluation - social facilitation
Cannot be evaluated - not concerned - social loafing
Describe the realistic conflict theory
Conflict arises because two or more groups are competing for a scarce resource
Harmony can be achieved by working on superordinate goal
Describe sherifs robbers cave experiment in 1961
Boys in summer camp - eagles bs rattlers
No knowledge or other group
Phase 1 - bonding phase
Engaged in bonding activities - hiking,swimming - created cohesion
Phase 2 - competitive activities with other group - increase in conflict
Phase 3 - superordinate goals were groups needed to work together - created harmonious intergroup relations
What are the criticism of sheriffs robbers cave study
Are the findings reliable
Panthers vs pythons study - showed harmony between groups , camp counsellors failed to evoke hostility
Describe levine et al groups promote helping study in 2005
Participants viewed themselves as Man Utd or football fans
Person needing help in Man Utd or Liverpool football shirt
When vowed as Man Utd fan - more leiley to help Man Utd fan
Viewed themselves as football fan - more likely to help Man Utd or Liverpool football fan
What did bon say about crowd in French Revolution.
Crowds produced primitive behaviour - anoyomous- lose responsibility- act without personal restraint
What did reicher say about rioting crowds
Crowd didn’t attack all buildings
Attacked national companies - but not local facilities
Paper wad to be flowing some rules and social norms
What did postmes and spears say about groups influencing behaviour
Initially deindividuation occurs - act in mine with group norms - this was similar to Stanford prison experiment
What did dury say when looking at crowd behaviour during London bombings
People acted selflessly in group - common face - in this together
Deindividuation and view themselves a part of a group - me becomes us
Groups can promote selfless behaviour
