Health - 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the BMI classifications of weight

A

Less than 18.5 underweight
18.5-24.9 normal 25 to 29.9 overweight
More than 30 - obese
More than 40 - morbidly obese

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2
Q

What does BMI fail to take into account

A

Ratio of fat : muscle, bone density

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3
Q

What percentage of UK are morbidly obese

A

28%

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4
Q

How much is spent per years in UK on obesity related health problems

A

£16 billion

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5
Q

What is the name for fat cells

A

Adipocytes

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6
Q

explain about the fat cells

A

The number of fat cells you have is dictated by genetic and childhood factors

Greater in number and larger in individuals

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7
Q

What is the equation for weight gain

A

Energy input exceeds energy output = weight gain

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8
Q

Explain the basal metabolic rate

A

It is the level of energy needed to sustain normal functioning of bodily systems
Low BMR - metabolise fewer calories to maintain normal bodily functioning
High BMR - metabolise greater calories to maintain normal functioning

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9
Q

What did Stunkard et al 1986 find about BMI and concordance rates in twins

A

64-84% concordance rates in identical twins reared together for obesity

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10
Q

What did stunkard find out in 1988 about twins reared apart and obesity

A

BMI of twin raised in location A predicted BMI of twin in location B - no effect of environmental influences

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11
Q

Explain the set point theory

A

Each individual has an ideal biological weight - a set point
If weight departs from ideal the body takes corrective action
Metabolic increase in hunger
Reduce body temperature - less energy needed - less food consumption

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12
Q

What is the hormonal dysfunction explanation for obesity

A

Obesity cause by deficiencies in hormones responsible for appetite control

As we eat lepton secreted by adipose tissue increases and signals the hypothalamus to let us know we are full

Leptin is controlled by OB-gene, if we have a genetic defect of lower leptin we can’t adequately suppress hunger which leads to eating more - weight gain

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13
Q

How does socioeconomic status effect obesity

A

Lower income - poorer diets
Lower level of education - less educated about healthy diets and lifestyle
I

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14
Q

How does stress cause weight gain

A

Indirect - negative coping behaviours eating comfort foods - risk factor for obesity

Direct - stress activates HPA - increases level of cortisol - dysregulated metabolism - weight gain

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15
Q

What cultural fa tors can cause obesity

A

£33 billion spent per year on food advertising

Many studies show a relationship between exposure to TV food advertising and risk for obesity, especially in children

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16
Q

Explain relationship between number of healthy / unhealthy adverts and rates of obesity

A

Greater number of unhealthy food adverts per 20 hours of TV predicted higher levels would f obesity

Greater number of healthy adverts per 20 hours of TV predicted lower rates of obesity

17
Q

If you have an apple shaped body where does most of your weight lie

A

Most weight on upper torso

18
Q

If you have a pear shaped body where does most of your weight lie

A

Most weight on lower torso - hips and thighs

19
Q

What is pear shaped body type most common in

A

Women - fat stored around hip and thighs - pear shape healthier than apple shape - fat stored further away from vital organs

20
Q

What is the apple shaped body most common in

A

Fat stored above waist around abdomen - upper body contains vital organs - greater risk for obesity related problems such as coronary events