Health - 8

Question 1

What are the BMI classifications of weight

Answer 1

Less than 18.5 underweight
18.5-24.9 normal 25 to 29.9 overweight
More than 30 - obese
More than 40 - morbidly obese

Question 2

What does BMI fail to take into account

Answer 2

Ratio of fat : muscle, bone density

Question 3

What percentage of UK are morbidly obese

Answer 3

28%

Question 4

How much is spent per years in UK on obesity related health problems

Answer 4

£16 billion

Question 5

What is the name for fat cells

Answer 5

Adipocytes

Question 6

explain about the fat cells

Answer 6

The number of fat cells you have is dictated by genetic and childhood factors

Greater in number and larger in individuals

Question 7

What is the equation for weight gain

Answer 7

Energy input exceeds energy output = weight gain

Question 8

Explain the basal metabolic rate

Answer 8

It is the level of energy needed to sustain normal functioning of bodily systems
Low BMR - metabolise fewer calories to maintain normal bodily functioning
High BMR - metabolise greater calories to maintain normal functioning

Question 9

What did Stunkard et al 1986 find about BMI and concordance rates in twins

Answer 9

64-84% concordance rates in identical twins reared together for obesity

Question 10

What did stunkard find out in 1988 about twins reared apart and obesity

Answer 10

BMI of twin raised in location A predicted BMI of twin in location B - no effect of environmental influences

Question 11

Explain the set point theory

Answer 11

Each individual has an ideal biological weight - a set point
If weight departs from ideal the body takes corrective action
Metabolic increase in hunger
Reduce body temperature - less energy needed - less food consumption

Question 12

What is the hormonal dysfunction explanation for obesity

Answer 12

Obesity cause by deficiencies in hormones responsible for appetite control

As we eat lepton secreted by adipose tissue increases and signals the hypothalamus to let us know we are full

Leptin is controlled by OB-gene, if we have a genetic defect of lower leptin we can’t adequately suppress hunger which leads to eating more - weight gain

Question 13

How does socioeconomic status effect obesity

Answer 13

Lower income - poorer diets
Lower level of education - less educated about healthy diets and lifestyle
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Question 14

How does stress cause weight gain

Answer 14

Indirect - negative coping behaviours eating comfort foods - risk factor for obesity

Direct - stress activates HPA - increases level of cortisol - dysregulated metabolism - weight gain

Question 15

What cultural fa tors can cause obesity

Answer 15

£33 billion spent per year on food advertising

Many studies show a relationship between exposure to TV food advertising and risk for obesity, especially in children

Question 16

Explain relationship between number of healthy / unhealthy adverts and rates of obesity

Answer 16

Greater number of unhealthy food adverts per 20 hours of TV predicted higher levels would f obesity

Greater number of healthy adverts per 20 hours of TV predicted lower rates of obesity

Question 17

If you have an apple shaped body where does most of your weight lie

Answer 17

Most weight on upper torso

Question 18

If you have a pear shaped body where does most of your weight lie

Answer 18

Most weight on lower torso - hips and thighs

Question 19

What is pear shaped body type most common in

Answer 19

Women - fat stored around hip and thighs - pear shape healthier than apple shape - fat stored further away from vital organs

Question 20

What is the apple shaped body most common in

Answer 20

Fat stored above waist around abdomen - upper body contains vital organs - greater risk for obesity related problems such as coronary events