Personality - 4

Question 1

How does development take place

Answer 1

Erogenous zone becomes sensitive to erotic stimulation, libido is directed to the zone, to move to next stage libido must be freed from stage it is in, for libido to be freed it involves conflicts at each stage

Question 2

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development

Answer 2

Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Question 3

What can insufficient or excessive gratification at a stage lead to

Answer 3

Fixation in that stage and development of trait characteristics of that stage

Question 4

Describe the oral stage

Answer 4

Developed birth the first year of life
Pleasure is obtained through oral activities
Sucking = oral eroticism
Biting = oral sadism (agressive drive )

Question 5

What conflicts are there at the oral stage

Answer 5

Conflict centres around weaning

More difficult the child is to be weaned the more likely to be fixated at this stage

Question 6

What are some fixations of the oral stage

Answer 6

Smoking drinking

Question 7

What is the frustrated oral character

Answer 7

Exaggerates desires for oral activities smoking eating drinking
Pessimistic greedy and aggressive, sarcastic

Question 8

What is the over indulged oral character

Answer 8

Optimistic, clinging , wants to be the centre of attention, dependant interpersonal relationships

Question 9

Describe the anal stage

Answer 9

2-3 years when bowels become under voluntary control

Pleasure from contraction and relaxation of muscles that control bowels

Question 10

What are the erotic and sadistic s of the anal stage and the conflict at this stage

Answer 10

Pleasure from expulsion of faeces - anal sadistic

Pleasure from retaining faeces - anal erotic phase

Toilet training

Question 11

What are the two types of anal traits

Answer 11

Anal retentive - held in and resisted as child, as adult excessive use of self-control, perfectionism, clean and tidy, upset by mess

Anal expulsive- if as child let it out, as adult, careless, messy, wasteful, disorderly

Question 12

Describe the phallic stage

Answer 12

4-5 years
Libido moves to phallic region
Child pleasure from self - stimulation
Conflict over masturbation and wanting to posses the opposite sex parent

Question 13

What is the Oedipus complex

Answer 13

Characterised by Boys attachment to his mother
Resentful to father and hostile to him
Fears father will retaliate which results in castration anxiety

Question 14

What is castration anxiety

Answer 14

Fear of getting your ballllls cut off

Question 15

What is the Electra complex

Answer 15

Characterised by a girls attachment to her father
Girls may have penis envy
Blame mother for anatomical deficiency
Resent mother

Question 16

What is the phallic stage

Answer 16

Resolved by 5 to 6 years
Repression and identification with the same sex parent
Fear of castrations and mothers love

Question 17

What is the Phallic character

Answer 17

Reckless 
Self assured 
Vain 
Excessively proud 
Fear of intimacy

Question 18

What happens during the latency period

Answer 18

Our libido is dormant and we focus on schooling and samesex friends

Question 19

Describe the genital stage

Answer 19

Libido is focused on the genitals but rather a than being autoerotic it is heterosexual

Question 20

What is the task at the genital stage

Answer 20

Sec with opposite sex person, heterosexual sex, genital fixations

Question 21

What the primary aim of freud investigating little Hans

Answer 21

5 year old little Hans had a phobia of horses, friends primary aim was to treat the phobia and explore what factors created this phobia

Question 22

How did little Hans fear develope

Answer 22

Aye 3 developed an active interest in his penis and those of other people.
At 5 he is afraid a horse will bite him in the street, this is somehow connected with having been frightened by a large penis

Question 23

What did freud see the horse as

Answer 23

A symbol of hans father, hans said he was especially after of white horses with black round the mouth. Hans father interpreted this as a reference to his moustache and spectacles

Question 24

How freud interpret there was a fear of castration

Answer 24

Freud interpreted the fear of horses was symbolic of his father, and feared his father would castrate him as a punishment for his desires towards his mother.

Saw hans phobia as expression of the Oedipus complex

Question 25

How did hans resolve his fear

Answer 25

His father assured him he had no intention of cutting off his penis

He cake to identify with his father

Question 26

What are the strengths of freuds theory

Answer 26

Unconscious forces can influence behaviour
Importance of childhood
Importance of primitive influences
Innovation of methods of psychotherapy

Question 27

Criticisms of freud

Answer 27

Overemphasis on sexuality 
The lack of substance of psychic structures 
Lack of testability 
Innacuraries of development theories 
Inadequate evidence 
Sexism