Personality - 6 Flashcards
What are the 5 factors I n the 5 factor model of personality
Openness Conscientiousness Extra version Agreeableness Neuroticism
What is openness in the 5 fa for model
A tendency to enjoy new experiences, things that expose them to new ideas.
Closed mean you are insensitive to art rigid bored and down to Earth
What is conscientiousness in the 5 factor model
Hardworking reliable responsible and self disciplined
What is extraversion n the 5 da tor model
Tendency to seek new experience
Warmth assertiveness and excitement seeking
Meeting nee people and being in there company
Opposite - reserved and quiet
What is agreeableness in the 5 factor model
Sympathetic , co-operative, good natured, trusting
Being compassionate towards others, concern for welfare of others
Opposite, rude, mistrust, stubborn
What is neuroticism in the 5 factor model
Tendency to experience unpleasant and negative emotions easily
Worrying, anxiety, depression
Opposite is calm, relaxed, secure, unemotional
What is the 5 factor model thought to represent
The personality traits that people consider as most important
What is the fundamental lexical hypothesis Goldberg 1990 used for
For prediction of behaviour
What did costa and McCrae come up with to measure the 5 factors
NEO-PI-R
The NEO personality inventory Revised
Each of 5 da tots divided into 6 or more facets
Evaluation of 5 factor model
It’s good for a practical way to describe a lot of the variation in personality in a small number of terms
5 factors not good enough for a complete theoretical understanding of personality
What is a criticism of most trait theories
They are descriptive
No explanation of where traits come from
What is Eysenck biological theory of personality
Personality is inherited
Inherited differences due to differences in physiological functioning
What is the biological basis of personality
Personality differences due to differences in the Central Nervous System
Different circuits of neutrons in brain responsible for controlling behaviour
What is the biological basis for introversion and extroversion
Due to balance between excitation and inhibition processes in the CNS, specifically those in the ARAS
What is the ARAS and what does it do
Maintain an optimum level of arousal
Enhance incoming stimuli by excitation of neural impulses
Dampening incoming stimuli by inhibition of neural impulses
What do extraverts have with reference to cortical arousal theory
Strong nervous system
Biased towards Inhibition of impulses
Reduces intensity of sensory stimulation reaching cortex
Chronically under a roused
Seek stimulation toy maintain brain activity levels
What do introverts have with reference to cortical arpusal theory
Weaker nervous system Biased towards excitation of impulses Increased intensity of sensory stimuli Chronically over aroused Keep away from stimulation
Bake some of the evidence for cortical arousal and personality
Vigilance tasks - introverts perform better than extroverts- higher level of arousal
Life - extroverts look for stimulation outgoing
Like / dislike of sensory stimuli - extroverts can’t stand sensory deprivation
Optimum level of arousal- lower for introvert, require different levels of stimulation to achieve the same optimum level of arousal
What evidence for cortical arousal theory had not all studies supporting it
Introverts being more easily conditioned than extroverts
What is the biological basis for neuroticism
Due to reactivity of ANS
Highly neurotic - ANS reacts strongly and quickly to stressful situations
Slower decrease in stress response once danger has passed
Over reactive or hyper responsive system
What is the biological basis for that psychoticism
Male hormone androgen plays a role
What did Eysenck believe about heredity and personality
Heredity estimates suggested that genetic factors taccount for between 56 - 72% of the variation in traits
What is the evidence for and against Eysencks theory
For - Bouchard and Tellegen studies - found MZ apart are ofte as similar as MZ toghether
Overall 40% of differences fit to inheritance but degree varies from trait to trait
Against - environmental influences- shared family environment, experiences outside family important as people within family are different
Genetic does not mean the trait is fixed - pervin and John 1997
