Personality - 6

Question 1

What are the 5 factors I n the 5 factor model of personality

Answer 1

Openness 
Conscientiousness
Extra version 
Agreeableness 
Neuroticism

Question 2

What is openness in the 5 fa for model

Answer 2

A tendency to enjoy new experiences, things that expose them to new ideas.

Closed mean you are insensitive to art rigid bored and down to Earth

Question 3

What is conscientiousness in the 5 factor model

Answer 3

Hardworking reliable responsible and self disciplined

Question 4

What is extraversion n the 5 da tor model

Answer 4

Tendency to seek new experience
Warmth assertiveness and excitement seeking
Meeting nee people and being in there company

Opposite - reserved and quiet

Question 5

What is agreeableness in the 5 factor model

Answer 5

Sympathetic , co-operative, good natured, trusting
Being compassionate towards others, concern for welfare of others

Opposite, rude, mistrust, stubborn

Question 6

What is neuroticism in the 5 factor model

Answer 6

Tendency to experience unpleasant and negative emotions easily
Worrying, anxiety, depression

Opposite is calm, relaxed, secure, unemotional

Question 7

What is the 5 factor model thought to represent

Answer 7

The personality traits that people consider as most important

Question 8

What is the fundamental lexical hypothesis Goldberg 1990 used for

Answer 8

For prediction of behaviour

Question 9

What did costa and McCrae come up with to measure the 5 factors

Answer 9

NEO-PI-R
The NEO personality inventory Revised

Each of 5 da tots divided into 6 or more facets

Question 10

Evaluation of 5 factor model

Answer 10

It’s good for a practical way to describe a lot of the variation in personality in a small number of terms

5 factors not good enough for a complete theoretical understanding of personality

Question 11

What is a criticism of most trait theories

Answer 11

They are descriptive

No explanation of where traits come from

Question 12

What is Eysenck biological theory of personality

Answer 12

Personality is inherited

Inherited differences due to differences in physiological functioning

Question 13

What is the biological basis of personality

Answer 13

Personality differences due to differences in the Central Nervous System

Different circuits of neutrons in brain responsible for controlling behaviour

Question 14

What is the biological basis for introversion and extroversion

Answer 14

Due to balance between excitation and inhibition processes in the CNS, specifically those in the ARAS

Question 15

What is the ARAS and what does it do

Answer 15

Maintain an optimum level of arousal

Enhance incoming stimuli by excitation of neural impulses

Dampening incoming stimuli by inhibition of neural impulses

Question 16

What do extraverts have with reference to cortical arousal theory

Answer 16

Strong nervous system
Biased towards Inhibition of impulses
Reduces intensity of sensory stimulation reaching cortex
Chronically under a roused
Seek stimulation toy maintain brain activity levels

Question 17

What do introverts have with reference to cortical arpusal theory

Answer 17

Weaker nervous system 
Biased towards excitation of impulses 
Increased intensity of sensory stimuli 
Chronically over aroused 
Keep away from stimulation

Question 18

Bake some of the evidence for cortical arousal and personality

Answer 18

Vigilance tasks - introverts perform better than extroverts- higher level of arousal

Life - extroverts look for stimulation outgoing

Like / dislike of sensory stimuli - extroverts can’t stand sensory deprivation

Optimum level of arousal- lower for introvert, require different levels of stimulation to achieve the same optimum level of arousal

Question 19

What evidence for cortical arousal theory had not all studies supporting it

Answer 19

Introverts being more easily conditioned than extroverts

Question 20

What is the biological basis for neuroticism

Answer 20

Due to reactivity of ANS

Highly neurotic - ANS reacts strongly and quickly to stressful situations
Slower decrease in stress response once danger has passed
Over reactive or hyper responsive system

Question 21

What is the biological basis for that psychoticism

Answer 21

Male hormone androgen plays a role

Question 22

What did Eysenck believe about heredity and personality

Answer 22

Heredity estimates suggested that genetic factors taccount for between 56 - 72% of the variation in traits

Question 23

What is the evidence for and against Eysencks theory

Answer 23

For - Bouchard and Tellegen studies - found MZ apart are ofte as similar as MZ toghether

Overall 40% of differences fit to inheritance but degree varies from trait to trait

Against - environmental influences- shared family environment, experiences outside family important as people within family are different

Genetic does not mean the trait is fixed - pervin and John 1997