Health - 3 Flashcards
What are the main categories of people using the health service
0-5 years developing immune systems, prone to infections, require more check-ups
Older adults 45+ years
Failing immune systems, prone to infections, age-related diseases
What are the gender differences in using the health service
Women - more likely to use it pregnancy and childbirth - more in tune with bodily symptoms
Men - more likely to ignore symptoms, perceived invincibility
What are the factors affecting illness reporting
Internal focus - socially isolated people - more likely to notice illness and report it (sensitisers)
External focus - people with a drive lines are less likely to report pinned and ignore symptoms of illness (repressors)
How does mood affect illnes reporting
If you have a negative moood more likely to report more effects of an illness
What are the two categories of people who misuse the health service
Delayers
Overusers
What are the delay behaviours
Appraisal delay - time for an individual to decide they are ill
Illness delay - time between recognising symptoms as illness and deciding to treat them
Utilisation delay - time between deciding to seek medical advice and actually doing it
Scheduling delay - time between making appointment and receiving treatment
Describes over- users of the health service
Malingering - making believe one is ill for secondary gains
Emotional gains - increased attention ( munchausens syndrome - baron Von munchhausen - exaggerater )
Practical gains - controller medication, free from responsibility, finically gains
Genuine error - changes in biological systems, eg heart rate, often mistook for Illness
What did mirandas study find in 1991
Physicians estimate that 2/3 of their time and skin up by people with insignificant medical problems or emotional disturbances
What factors encourage us to visit a practitioner
Persistence of symptoms
Critical incident
Treatment expectations- if GP van make a difference through medicines
Describe a doctor centred consulatation
Dr is dominant and asks direct questions and is only concerned with medical facts, and hey make descions and instruct patient what to do
The patient is passive and takes doctors advice
Describe a patient centred consultation
The doctor makes observations seeking patroness ideas and actively listens, the dr involves patient and their is joint decision making.
The patient is active and encouraged to ask questions
What did beaver find in 1996 with reference to consultation approaches
Cancer patients
Benign Tumour most preferred collaborative decision making
Malignant Tumour most preffered GP to make decision
Doctor knows best - correct decision by expert
Avoid responsibility- less guilt if wrong decision made
What did Mckinstry find in relation to non-verbal factors of consultations
Traditionally dressed doctors were rated most highly especially by older and professional class patients
What did rehman find in relation to non verbal factors of consultations
77% of patients preffered doctors wearing white lab coat. Trust and confidence greater for GPs wearing a white lab coat. patients more likely to divulge sensitive information to GPs wearing white white coats
What are other non-verbal factors in a consultation
Eye contact Age Tone of voice Gender Situational factors
