Personality - 2 Flashcards
What are the four main approaches of personality
Psychoanalytic
Dispositional
Behavioural / learning theories
Humanistic
The definition of a personality theory
System of related ideas used to explain the development, structure and functioning of personality
What are the criteria for evaluating theories of personality
- Empirical validity- what degree is the theory supported by evidence from observations
- Parismony - simplest explanation possible
- Comprehensiveness - breadth of phenomena the theory covers
- Internal consistency- propositions and assumptions consistent and fit together
- Testability - how well is theory supported or refuted
- Usefulness - do methods of personality and techniques of inducing change provide a measure of practical usefulness
- Acceptability - theory must be accepted by then that scientists to be influential
- Correctness - theories are not facts can’t be right or wrong only useful
- Implicit theories of personality- own thoughts are not enough
What were the early views on the biological perspective of personality
Personality in inherited in our genes
What were the 4 personality types proposed by Hippocrates
Choleric - quick tempered
Sanguine - warm, cheerful , confident
Phlegmatic - sluggish, calm , cool
Melancholic - gloomy, pensive
What were the four humours (fluids) in the body that Galen matched to personality
Choleric - yellow bike
Sanguine - blood
Phlegmatic - phlegm
Melancholic - black bile
What are the 2 models of personal ity and body type
Genes determine our body type and our personality
Genes determine our body type, then our body type predicts our personality
What were the 4 types of physique ernst kretchsmer identify
Aesthetic - fragile, narrowly built
Athletic - muscular type
Pyknic - plump physique
Dysplastic
What mental disorders did kretchmer identify with body types
Aesthenic - schizophrenia
Athletic - thought disorders
Pyknic - manic depression
Dysplastic
What were the 3 body types did sheldon identify in 1942
Endomorphy - plump
Mesomorphy - muscular
Ectomorphy - frail
What is somatotyping
Used a rating system
From 1 to 7
1 not very
7 very
What are the average somatotypes identified by Brant
Males
Endo - 4 Meso- 4 Ecto- 3
Females
Endo - 5 Meso- 3 Ecto - 3
What are the three temperament types
Viscerotonia - physical comfort, sociable, tolerance
Somatotonia - adventure, agressive and competitive, direct manner, physical exertion
Cerebrotonia - privacy, avoidance, apprehensive and hypertensive to pain
What personality types did sheldon match to body types
Endomorph ———- visceratonia
Mesomorph ——— Somatonia
Ectomorph ———- Cerebrotonia
What did glueck and glueck find
Delinquent boys are more likely to be mesomorphs the
What did rees day about sheldons study
The majority of investigations do not report and correlations as high as those reported by Sheldon
