Personality - 2 Flashcards
What are the four main approaches of personality
Psychoanalytic
Dispositional
Behavioural / learning theories
Humanistic
The definition of a personality theory
System of related ideas used to explain the development, structure and functioning of personality
What are the criteria for evaluating theories of personality
- Empirical validity- what degree is the theory supported by evidence from observations
- Parismony - simplest explanation possible
- Comprehensiveness - breadth of phenomena the theory covers
- Internal consistency- propositions and assumptions consistent and fit together
- Testability - how well is theory supported or refuted
- Usefulness - do methods of personality and techniques of inducing change provide a measure of practical usefulness
- Acceptability - theory must be accepted by then that scientists to be influential
- Correctness - theories are not facts can’t be right or wrong only useful
- Implicit theories of personality- own thoughts are not enough
What were the early views on the biological perspective of personality
Personality in inherited in our genes
What were the 4 personality types proposed by Hippocrates
Choleric - quick tempered
Sanguine - warm, cheerful , confident
Phlegmatic - sluggish, calm , cool
Melancholic - gloomy, pensive
What were the four humours (fluids) in the body that Galen matched to personality
Choleric - yellow bike
Sanguine - blood
Phlegmatic - phlegm
Melancholic - black bile
What are the 2 models of personal ity and body type
Genes determine our body type and our personality
Genes determine our body type, then our body type predicts our personality
What were the 4 types of physique ernst kretchsmer identify
Aesthetic - fragile, narrowly built
Athletic - muscular type
Pyknic - plump physique
Dysplastic
What mental disorders did kretchmer identify with body types
Aesthenic - schizophrenia
Athletic - thought disorders
Pyknic - manic depression
Dysplastic
What were the 3 body types did sheldon identify in 1942
Endomorphy - plump
Mesomorphy - muscular
Ectomorphy - frail
What is somatotyping
Used a rating system
From 1 to 7
1 not very
7 very
What are the average somatotypes identified by Brant
Males
Endo - 4 Meso- 4 Ecto- 3
Females
Endo - 5 Meso- 3 Ecto - 3
What are the three temperament types
Viscerotonia - physical comfort, sociable, tolerance
Somatotonia - adventure, agressive and competitive, direct manner, physical exertion
Cerebrotonia - privacy, avoidance, apprehensive and hypertensive to pain
What personality types did sheldon match to body types
Endomorph ———- visceratonia
Mesomorph ——— Somatonia
Ectomorph ———- Cerebrotonia
What did glueck and glueck find
Delinquent boys are more likely to be mesomorphs the
