Personality - 3 Flashcards
Psychoanalysis is
A theory of personality
A bake five to procedures relating to personality change or treatment
What did freud try to explain personality based on
Influence of early childhood
Unconscious motives and conflict
How people cope with their sexual and agressive urges
What are the 3 levels of awareness
Conscious level - currently aware of
Preconscious level - not in our current awareness but can be if we focus
Unconscious - contains sexual and agressive drives, sting influence on behaviour
How is a Freudian slip explained
May express hidden wishes, the unconscious breaks into the conscious
What did freud think about dreams
Dreams are thought to show a persons inner thoughts or real intentions
What content is in dreams
Manifest content - what we remember
Latent content - the hidden meaning
Why does a nightmare happen
When the repressed wish breaks through
How is freuds theory deterministic
All behaviour is determined by forces within the person
What is psychic energy and cathexis
Psychic energy - source of motivation, limited amount, used for psychological functioning
Cathexis - investment of psychic energy, direct energy to different pleasurable activities
What are the 3 main structures in Freuds model of personality
Ego
Superego
ID
Describe the ID
Represents physiological drives Aye resent from birth Aye Netanyahu gratification Ignores laws and social conventions Fully unconscious
PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
The ego
Developed in 1st year of life
Reason and good sense
Delays gratification of ID by planning what is practical and possible socially acceptable, avoids trouble
REALITY PRINCIPLE
Super ego
Developed years 3-5
Moral guidance and conscience
High standards of behaviour through identification
Right and wrong are internalised
MORAL PRINCIPLE
What is behaviour the result of according to freud
Result of internal conflicts between id ego and superego
Conflicts lead to frustration which lead to tension which lead to anxiety
Why may anxiety arise
Ego worrying if will become out of control and do something bad
Superego become out of control leading to excessive guilt about a real or imagined situation
What do we develope because of anxiety
DEFENCE MECHANISMS
What are defence mechanisms
Mainly unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
Ok if not used excessively
What is repression
Forget things that cause anxiety
What is regression
Revert to immature patterns of behaviour
What is denial
Refuse to accept the true nature of the situation
What is displacement
Transfer ideas and feelings from their original source to a less threatening object
What is sublimation
Channelling of impulses into the behaviour that benefits society
What is reaction formation
Behave in a way that is the exact opposite of ones tie feelings
What is rationalisation
Create false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviour
What is projection
Attribute thoughts that make us feel guilty into other as if the actions come from them
Fixation
Get stuck at an immature stage
What is identification
Identify with more powerful people to boost self esteem
What did freud propose about psychosexual development
Personality develops a fixed sequence of psychosexual stages
Personality is the result of sexual impulses and their gratification at these stages
What are drives, eros and thanatos
Drives - inborn psychic forces that produce states of excitement and tension
Eros - instinct to preserve life- fuelled by Libido
Life instinct
Thanatos - basic aggressive drive death instinct
Which parts of the body is libido expressed through
Erogenous zones
