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Psychology Year 1 > Personality -7 > Flashcards

Personality -7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two principles of behaviourist theories of personality

A

Psychology should only study observable behaviour

The environment influencers behaviour

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2
Q

What did John B Watson believe personality was learned through

A

Personality is learned through the environment

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3
Q

What theory did BF skinner develope after testing Watsons theories in a lab

A

Operant conditioning

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4
Q

What did BF skinner believe human were and how did we learn

A

A blank slate

We learnt by operant conditioning - rewards and punishment

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5
Q

What did BF skinner say personality was

A

A collection of learned behaviour patterns

Personality = behaviour

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6
Q

Describe personality as a predictor of behaviour

A

Likelihood of rewards and punishments at any given moment are the best predictors of an individuals behaviour and personality

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7
Q

What is the motivation of personality /behaviour

A

Desire to be rewarded of avoid punishment

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8
Q

What is the development of personality

A

Continually facing nee experiences so personality is changing throughout life

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9
Q

What was the behaviourist reason given for why can 2 people act differently in the same situation

A

Because of their unique histories of operant conditioning

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10
Q

What is the behaviourist answer for why we see stability in individual behaviour ?

A

If the environment is relatively the same the behaviour will be the same

We develope stable response tendencies to hat are tied to certain stimulus situations

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11
Q

What did SKinner believe big changes in personality could lead to

A

Changes in personality, as the environment influences personality

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12
Q

What is the social learning theory view of personality

A

Personality is learned form environmental experiences and situations

Emphasis the role of cognitive activity

Social cognitive perspective

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13
Q

What is the basic tenet of the Social Learning theory on personality

A

Cognitive approaches greatly influence personality by mediating between external environmental events and behaviour

Behaviour environmental personal

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14
Q

What were the 2 main aspects of the Banduras Social learning theory

A

Personality developed through observational learning

Reciprocal determinism

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15
Q

What does Bandura mean by learning personality through observational learning

A

Observing the actions and the consequences of others

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of modelling for Social Learning theory

A

Live modelling

Symbolic modelling

17
Q

Explain the vicarious leaning and vicarious reinforcement as an aspect of social learning theory

A

The person does not actually have to behaviour and the behaviour doesn’t need to be reinforced in order to learn

18
Q

What did Banduras bobs doll study demonstrate

A

The role of observation in learning and the role of reinforcement on determine whether the child performed the action

19
Q

What was the method of the bobo doll study

A

An adult attacked a bobo doll
One group witness attack in person , other watches it on TV
Control group watched adult behaviour innocuously
Child then left to play with bobo doll

20
Q

What did Bandura find from the bobo doll study

A

The child’s agressive behaviour was modelled on that of the adult

But the behaviour also depended on whether the model was rewarded or punished for the agressive behaviours

21
Q

What was Geisel et al study in 1979 about

A

Study to demonstrate effect of observing others behaviour

Time to tempt experiment

Measured time playing with forbidden toy

22
Q

Describe Bandura and Mischel 1965 study

A

Showed how to modify whether children preffered immediate or delayed gratification by exposing them the adult models

They found out what each child preffered, then assigned them to one of 3 conditions
Adult doing opposite to preference
Written info opposite to pretence
No model

Examine child preference one month later

Both live and symbolic models affective in casuarina children to change preferences

23
Q

What processes of observing other occur

A

See
Evaluate
Interpret consequences
Apply to yourself

24
Q

What do children imitating behaviour need

A

They need good role models to imitate good behaviour

25
Q

What is Bandura idea of reciprocal determinism

A

People influence the environment and the environment influences them
Cognitive factors important also

Triadic reciprocal determinism
Person - environment - behaviour

26
Q

What was Mischels theory of personality

A

Examined the extent to which ch situational factors govern behaviour
Is behaviour consistent over different situations

Questioned trait theory as trait theory should predict behaviour l, but couldn’t

27
Q

What did green and safe find in 1990

A

Scored highly on an honesty questionarres

Given tasks to do

Honesty was greatly influenced by circumstances

Situation important

28
Q

What did micshell propose about situation and behaviour

A

It was the situationand not personality that predicted behaviour

Behaviour changes according to situation

Small correlation between personality and behaviour

29
Q

What are the 3 arguments within the person- situation debate on personality

A

The trait versus situationism debate

Person-situation controversy

The consistency paradox

30
Q

What did Epstein propose in response to criticism of traits

A

Traits are evident and stable

Strong indications of consistency over time

31
Q

What was mischels response to Epstein about the person- situation debate

A

Behaviour can be consistent over time but not situations

2 aspects to debate

Cross-situational consistency
Cross-temporal consistency

32
Q

What did Epstein propose in 1983 about person situation debate

A

Mean sociability over many different situations is more stable

33
Q

What is now accepted in regards to the person - situation debate

A

Importance of personality traits depends upon the variability of the situation

Powerful vs weak situations
Powerful vs weak traits

34
Q

What did bem and Allen say about the person situation debate in 1974

A

Personality and situation are not independent
Personality traits interact with situations
We often choose the situations we enter

35
Q

What did magnusson and end per day about the person - sits tui on debate in 1977

A

The specific characteristics of a situation will influence the behaviour of an individual with a specific type of personality (Magnusson and Elder)

Behaviour may change depending on the situation we are in but there is some underlying consistency

Psychology Year 1 (40 decks)

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