Personality -7 Flashcards
What are the two principles of behaviourist theories of personality
Psychology should only study observable behaviour
The environment influencers behaviour
What did John B Watson believe personality was learned through
Personality is learned through the environment
What theory did BF skinner develope after testing Watsons theories in a lab
Operant conditioning
What did BF skinner believe human were and how did we learn
A blank slate
We learnt by operant conditioning - rewards and punishment
What did BF skinner say personality was
A collection of learned behaviour patterns
Personality = behaviour
Describe personality as a predictor of behaviour
Likelihood of rewards and punishments at any given moment are the best predictors of an individuals behaviour and personality
What is the motivation of personality /behaviour
Desire to be rewarded of avoid punishment
What is the development of personality
Continually facing nee experiences so personality is changing throughout life
What was the behaviourist reason given for why can 2 people act differently in the same situation
Because of their unique histories of operant conditioning
What is the behaviourist answer for why we see stability in individual behaviour ?
If the environment is relatively the same the behaviour will be the same
We develope stable response tendencies to hat are tied to certain stimulus situations
What did SKinner believe big changes in personality could lead to
Changes in personality, as the environment influences personality
What is the social learning theory view of personality
Personality is learned form environmental experiences and situations
Emphasis the role of cognitive activity
Social cognitive perspective
What is the basic tenet of the Social Learning theory on personality
Cognitive approaches greatly influence personality by mediating between external environmental events and behaviour
Behaviour environmental personal
What were the 2 main aspects of the Banduras Social learning theory
Personality developed through observational learning
Reciprocal determinism
What does Bandura mean by learning personality through observational learning
Observing the actions and the consequences of others
What are the 2 types of modelling for Social Learning theory
Live modelling
Symbolic modelling
Explain the vicarious leaning and vicarious reinforcement as an aspect of social learning theory
The person does not actually have to behaviour and the behaviour doesn’t need to be reinforced in order to learn
What did Banduras bobs doll study demonstrate
The role of observation in learning and the role of reinforcement on determine whether the child performed the action
What was the method of the bobo doll study
An adult attacked a bobo doll
One group witness attack in person , other watches it on TV
Control group watched adult behaviour innocuously
Child then left to play with bobo doll
What did Bandura find from the bobo doll study
The child’s agressive behaviour was modelled on that of the adult
But the behaviour also depended on whether the model was rewarded or punished for the agressive behaviours
What was Geisel et al study in 1979 about
Study to demonstrate effect of observing others behaviour
Time to tempt experiment
Measured time playing with forbidden toy
Describe Bandura and Mischel 1965 study
Showed how to modify whether children preffered immediate or delayed gratification by exposing them the adult models
They found out what each child preffered, then assigned them to one of 3 conditions
Adult doing opposite to preference
Written info opposite to pretence
No model
Examine child preference one month later
Both live and symbolic models affective in casuarina children to change preferences
What processes of observing other occur
See
Evaluate
Interpret consequences
Apply to yourself
What do children imitating behaviour need
They need good role models to imitate good behaviour
What is Bandura idea of reciprocal determinism
People influence the environment and the environment influences them
Cognitive factors important also
Triadic reciprocal determinism
Person - environment - behaviour
What was Mischels theory of personality
Examined the extent to which ch situational factors govern behaviour
Is behaviour consistent over different situations
Questioned trait theory as trait theory should predict behaviour l, but couldn’t
What did green and safe find in 1990
Scored highly on an honesty questionarres
Given tasks to do
Honesty was greatly influenced by circumstances
Situation important
What did micshell propose about situation and behaviour
It was the situationand not personality that predicted behaviour
Behaviour changes according to situation
Small correlation between personality and behaviour
What are the 3 arguments within the person- situation debate on personality
The trait versus situationism debate
Person-situation controversy
The consistency paradox
What did Epstein propose in response to criticism of traits
Traits are evident and stable
Strong indications of consistency over time
What was mischels response to Epstein about the person- situation debate
Behaviour can be consistent over time but not situations
2 aspects to debate
Cross-situational consistency
Cross-temporal consistency
What did Epstein propose in 1983 about person situation debate
Mean sociability over many different situations is more stable
What is now accepted in regards to the person - situation debate
Importance of personality traits depends upon the variability of the situation
Powerful vs weak situations
Powerful vs weak traits
What did bem and Allen say about the person situation debate in 1974
Personality and situation are not independent
Personality traits interact with situations
We often choose the situations we enter
What did magnusson and end per day about the person - sits tui on debate in 1977
The specific characteristics of a situation will influence the behaviour of an individual with a specific type of personality (Magnusson and Elder)
Behaviour may change depending on the situation we are in but there is some underlying consistency
