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Psychology Year 1 > Health - 9 > Flashcards

Health - 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is substance abuse

A

A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, manifested by three or more of the following within a 12 month period

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2
Q

The need for increased amounts to achieve be the desired effects =

A

= finished effects with continued use

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3
Q

Give some examples of stimulants

A

Caffeine, Nicotine , Amphetamines

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4
Q

What do stimulants do to neural activity and why do people take them

A

Stimulate neural activity
Activate flight-fight responses
Widely abused due to rewarding effects
Can lead to rapid and physical and psychological dependence

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5
Q

Give some examples of some depressants

A

Opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol

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6
Q

What do depressants do to neural activity

A

Depresses neural activity to produce changes in mood such as lethargy, drowsiness, reduced sensory responding

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7
Q

When are depressant drugs effective

A

Can act on GABA and suppressing neural activity, can be effective in the treatment of anxiety and sleep problems

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8
Q

Give some examples of hallucinogens

A

Cannabis, ecstasy, psychedelics, MDMA

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9
Q

What do hallucinogens do

A

Hallucinogens alter sesnsory perception and induce visual and auditory hallucinations

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10
Q

What is the effect of agonist drugs

A

Drugs that enhance actions of neurotransmitters

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11
Q

What do drug antagonists do

A

Drugs that Inhibit actions of a neurotransmitter

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12
Q

What is addiction

A

Repeated consumption of a substance and characterised by physical and psychological dependence

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13
Q

What are the two aspects of physical dependence on drugs

A

Tolerance - being dry requires larger doses to maintain the same effects - neuroadaptation

Withdrawal - unpleasant symptoms occur when addicted behaviour is discontinued

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14
Q

What is psychological dependence

A

Need to continue consumption for the behavioural effects, despite being aware of potential negative outcomes

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15
Q

What the biological model for addiction

A

Brain reward pathway - part of limbic system

BRP reinforced and rewards naturally adaptive or evolutionary advantageous behaviours such as eating drinking and social interaction, it does this via the release of a neurochemical dopamine which elicits pleasurable feelings - feedback to repeat these behaviours

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16
Q

What is the psychological imitation theory of addiction

A

Behaviour is imitated and if someone close engages in this behaviour even if it has negative outcomes we will copy it

17
Q

What is the classical conditioning model of addiction

A

We learn to associate alcohol with pleasurable occasions, and we are more likely to develope a social life centred around these kinds of pleasurable behaviours

18
Q

What is the operant conditioning theory of addiction

A

We are rewarded for negative behaviours, with pleasurable sensations, euphoria, social connectivity and reduced pain. This makes it more likely we will keep doing it, therefore harder to quit

19
Q

What is the vicarious reinforcement argument for addiction

A

See the benefits of drug taking in others - social benefits - so do it ourselves

20
Q

What is the availability argument for addiction

A

The more easily available a substance is not he more likely people will take it

21
Q

What has been shown between alcohol price and consumption

A

The cheaper the alcohol the more litres consumed

22
Q

Explain the personality aspect of addiction

A

Some personality traits increase the likelihood of substance misuse

Inadequate traits - traits the lead to use as a form of escapism - anxiety, low self esteem

Problem behaviour prone - traits that lead to substance use as experimentation

23
Q

Why are drugs so difficult to give up

A

Withdrawal

Pleasurebale rewards

24
Q

What is abstinence

A

Going without the drug
Most powerful first steps in treating addictive behaviour
Get the substance out of the system and eliminate dependance
Abstinence can be aided by pharmalogical treatment

25
Q

What is relapse

A

More that 50% of patients treated for alcohol relapse in past 3 months
Stress triggered relapse are most common

Psychology Year 1 (40 decks)

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