Soc 16-The structure of the blood vessels and Heart

Question 1

What are the 4 characteristics of Arteries?

Answer 1

• Carrys oxygenated blood away from the heart
  -thicker walls = high pressure
  -lumen can widen/dilate to allow more oxygen to be carried to working miscles (by blood)
  -pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs

Question 2

What are the 4 characteristics of veins?

Answer 2

• Carry blood into the heart
  -thnner walls = lower pressure
  -contains many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
  -Pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

Question 3

What are the 4 characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 3

-just 1 cell thick
-at one end,oxygenated blood transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles
-at another end,deoxygenated blood into the veins,picking up waste products and disposing of them
-gaseous exchange takes place

Question 4

What is the first phase of the heart pumping blood?

Answer 4

Systolic phase:

-blood is pumped from both atriums into the ventricles
-both ventricles contract
-pushing deoxygenated blood to leave the right ventricle to the lungs (via pulmonary artery)
-oxygenated blood in the left ventricles leaves via the aorta to the body

Question 5

What is the second phase of the heart pumping blood?

Answer 5

Diastolic phase:

-this is when the heart is relaxing and refilling the atria with blood

Question 6

4 components of blood

Answer 6

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

Question 7

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 7

Transport oxygen around the body to working muscles and carbondioxide to lungs. Contains haemglobin

Question 8

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 8

Fight harmful microrganisms. Immune/defence system. Helps with recovery. Produce antibodies to fight infection

Question 9

What does plasma do?

Answer 9

The main role of plasma is to take oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps remove this waste from the body.

Question 10

What do platelets do?

Answer 10

• Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow.
● Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop
bleeding.
● Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound.
- stop bacteria getting in

Question 11

Thrombokinase?

Answer 11

Substances involved in blood clotting

Question 12

Serotonin?

Answer 12

Hormone that triggers the clotting process