Soc 16: The Structure Of The Blood Vessels Flashcards
What is an Artery?
Takes blood away from the heart
What is a vein?
Veins carry blood away from the heart
What are capillaries?
Capillaries are microscopic vessels- just one cell thick
What are the 4 main functions of Arteries?
- Takes blood away from the heart
- Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood which is as a higher pressure than veins at as they carry oxgenated blood
- The channel the blood flows through,called the lumen,can widen to allow more blood through when you so that when you excercise, it can reach the working muscles.
- The pulmonary artery is diffrent from other Arteries as it carries deoxgenaged blood from heart to the lungs.
What are the 4 main functions of Veins?
- Veins carry blood into the heart
- Veins have much thinner walls are less elastic and carry blood at a lower pressure
- Veins contain many valves which helps doxygenated blood flow to the heart.
What are the 4 main functions of Capillaries:
-Capillaries are microscopic vessels-just one cell thick
What is the root of Blood going in to the heart and then out of the heart?
Start
- Vena Cava (brings oxgenated blood from the body)
- Right Atrium
- Triscupid Valve
- Right Ventricle
- Semilunar Valves
- Pulmonary Artery
- Lungs
- Pulmonary Vein
- Left Atrium
- Biscupid Valve
- Left ventricle
- Semilunar
- Aorta
End
How does the Heart pump blood?
● The heart beats in a ‘lub dub’ rhythm.
● The first phase is known as the systolic phase:
○ This is where blood is pumped from both atria into the ventricles (lub).
○ Then both the ventricles contract (dub).
○ Pushing deoxygenated blood to leave the right ventricle to the lungs via
the pulmonary artery.
○ Oxygenated blood in the left ventricle leaves via the aorta to the body.
● The second phase is known as the diastolic phase:
○ This is when the heart is relaxing and refilling with the atria with blood.
Blood Pressure
● Blood pressure is a measure of the force that your heart uses to pump the blood around your body
● High blood pressure can indicate a higher risk of health problems
● When you have a blood pressure reading you’re given two
numbers e.g. 136/95
○ The first number (the higher) is your systolic blood pressure when your heart is pushing blood around the body.
○ The second number (the lowest) is the diastolic blood pressure when your heart is relaxing.
The Structure of Blood
It is easy to think of blood as a simple red liquid. However, under a microscope you can see millions of cells floating in a yellow liquid. In fact, blood is made up of four components red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
What is the importance of red blood cells?
● Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
● They contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide.
● This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when running.
What is the importance of white blood cells?
● The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells.
● They have an important function as the
defence system of the body.
● They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
● If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.
What is the importance of platelets?
● Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow.
● Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop
bleeding.
● Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound.
● When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell
into irregular shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug.
● If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will
clot to stop the bleeding.
What is the importance of plasma?
● The main role of plasma is to take oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps remove this waste from the body.
Immune system
The structures and proceses in your body that stop disease
