Soc 11. Performance Enhancing Drugs Flashcards
Why do people take performance enhancing drugs?
.Improve their performance
.Some people are encouraged to do so by their coaches or fellow athletes
.The reward of winning (gold medal in some sports is said to be worth a million dollars in endorsements)
.Pressure (peer pressure etc.)
What are anabolic drugs?
Mimics testosterone to promote bone and muscle growth.
BENEFITS : increase muscle + bone growth, allows you to recover quickly.
SIDE EFFECTS : increased risk of muscle injury, heart attacks/strokes, high blood pressure, even death.
What are beta blockers?
Control the heart rate having a calming and relaxing effect.
BENEFITS : help target sports that need steadiness and precision by reducing heart rate.
SIDE EFFECTS : nausea, diarrhoea, tiredness, depression, insomnia and nightmares.
What are narcotics and analgesics?
Narcotics: drugs that affect mood or behaviour, including
drowsiness and relieving pain.
Analgesics: drugs that elevate the rate of urine production.
Benefits: these drugs act by depressing the central nervous system
and give relief from painful injuries, but allowing the injured player
to take part, they can increase the risk of severe or long-lasting
injury.
Side effects: Loss of coordination, loss of balance, loss of
concentration and emotional effects.
What are diuretics?
Diuretics: drugs that elevate the rate of urine production.
Benefits: this can help performers who need to lose weight. Diuretics may also be used to reduce the concentration of any other banned substance that may be present in the urine. Side effects: dehydration, which can cause dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches and nausea.
What are peptide hormones?
increases the rate of maturation of red blood
cells.
Benefits: Increase muscles growth, assist in recovery from injury and
heavy training sessions. All the body to carry extra oxygen, and
disperse waste products and lactic acid.
Side effects: Blood becomes thicker, which makes it more difficult
to pass through the small capillaries and increases the risk of heart
attack or stroke.
What are growth hormones?
is used to increase their muscles
development (very similar to steroids).
Benefits: Increase muscles growth (strength and size). Not as many
side effects as steroids.
Side effects: Minimal side effects, can be detected by a blood test
and not in your urine.
What are stimulants?
drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system,
such as/ or physical alertness. E.g. amphetamines, ephedrine and
cocaine, as well as nicotine and caffeine.
Benefits: Increase alertness, enabling people to think more by
stimulating the central nervous system. Overcome tiredness.
Reduce the effects of lactic acid on muscles.
Side effects: insomnia, irregular/ increased heart beat, high blood
pressure and addiction.
What is blood doping?
A banned process (not banned drug) involves boosting number of red blood cells - does this by removing blood, then letting your body build up for the lost blood, then putting that blood you took out back in. Leaving you with much more RBC in your blood.
BENEFITS: More red blood cells in bloodstream carrying oxygen to your muscles improving your VO2 max.
SIDE EFFECTS: Very unhealthy for body while going through procedure with MASS blood LOSS.
