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Nursing! > Skin, Hair, and Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers associated with the skin?

A
  1. epidermis
  2. subcutaneous
  3. dermis
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2
Q

describe epidermis

A

first layer, thin, tough
- horny layer: dead keratinized cells (layer we “shed”
- basal layer = forms new cells

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3
Q

describe the subcutaneous layer

A

made of adipose tissue (fat tissue)

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4
Q

describe the dermal layer

A

middle layer of the skin, made of connective tissue + collagen
- holds nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels + lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

what are the two types of human hair?

A

vellus + terminal

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6
Q

describe vellus hair

A

covers your body (except palms, + soles, fingers, umbilicus, glans penis, and inside the labia)

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7
Q

describe terminal hair

A

darker, thicker hair on the scalp, eyebrows, + pubic areas

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8
Q

describe the differences between sebaceous, eccrine, and apocrine glands

A
  • sebaceous = produces sebum (oil) + lubricates skin + hair
  • eccrine = coiled tubules open onto skin surface + produce sweat
  • apocrine = produce thick, milky, secretions + opens into hair follicles
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9
Q

list functions of the skin (be able to list 5)

A
  1. protection
  2. prevents penetration
  3. perception
  4. temperature regulation
  5. identification
  6. communication
  7. wound repair
  8. absorption + secretion
  9. production of vitamin D
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10
Q

describe pallor

A

due to non oxygenated hemoglobin
in light skin it looks pale/white-pink
in dark skin it looks ashen grey

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11
Q

describe erythema

A

due to excessive blood in superficial capillaries (fever or inflammation)
light skin looks red
dark skin is not visible so feel for warmth or hardening

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12
Q

describe cyanosis

A

due to non oxygenated blood (chronic heart/lung disease, anxiety or cold)
light skin looks blue
dark skin not noticeable feel for temperature

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13
Q

jaundice

A

due to excess bilirubin
light skin looks yellow
dark skin not noticeable

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14
Q

list causes of changes in skin temperature

A

hypothermia, hyperthermia

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15
Q

list causes of changes texture in the skin

A

hypothyroidism (shock, cardiac arrest, arterial insufficiency) hyperthyroidism (increased metabolic rate, trauma, infection, sun burn, hyperthyroidism)

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16
Q

list causes of changes moisture

A

diaphoresis (thyrotoxis, MI, anxiety + pain)
dehydration

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17
Q

list causes of changes mobility

A

ease of skin to rise (increased with edema + scleroderma)

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18
Q

list causes of changes in tugor

A

skins ability to return to place promptly with released (decreased with dehydration + extreme weight loss)

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19
Q

describe each grade on the 4 point grading scale for pitting edema

A

1+ mild pitting
2+ moderate pitting
3+ deep pitting
4+ very deep pitting

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20
Q

white linear markings that normally are visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed are termed _____

A

lunula

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21
Q

describe congenital dermal melanocytes

A

one or more birth marks

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22
Q

describe cafe au lait spot

A

large round/oval patch of light brown pigmentation - usually normal

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23
Q

describe erythema toxicum

A

aka “baby acne”
harmless skin rash that affects many newborns

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24
Q

describe cutis marmorata

A

transient mottling in the trunk + extremities in response to cooler temperature
forms reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin

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25
Q

describe physiological jaundice

A

yellowing of the skin, sclera + mucous membranes, develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life
due to increased numbers of the rbc that hemolyzes after birth

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26
Q

describe milia

A

tiny white papule on cheeks, forehead + across the nose + chin caused by sebum hay occludes (closes) the opening of the follicles

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27
Q

describe lentigines

A

common variations of hyperpigmentation - “liver spots”

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28
Q

describe seborrheic keratosis

A

raised thickened area of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, warty, dark, greasy + “stuck on”

29
Q

describe actinic keratosis

A

red-tan plaques that increase over the years to become raised + rough headed

30
Q

describe acrochordons (skin tags)

A

over growths, form stalk; are polyp-like

31
Q

describe sebaceous hyperplasia

A

raised yellow papules with central depression

32
Q

describe measles (rubeola)

A

red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash, first appears behind the eats, looks coppery + does not blanch. Koplik spots in mouth (red-based) + elevations of 1-3mm

33
Q

describe German measles (rubella)

A

pink, papular rash (similar to measles but paler). distinguished from measles by: neck lymphadenopathy, NO koplik spots

34
Q

chicken pox (varicella)

A

shiny vesicles on erythematous base - become pustules then crusts - very pruritic (itchy)

35
Q

define alopecia

A

baldness - hair loss

36
Q

define annular

A

circular shape to skin lesion

37
Q

define apocrine glands

A

located mainly in axillae, anogenital area, nipples, + naval + vestigial in humans + produce thick, milky secretions + open in hair follicles

38
Q

define basal cell layer

A

cell layer within the epidermis that forms new skin cells

39
Q

define bulla

A

elected cavity containing free fluid in epidermis - less than 1cm

40
Q

define confluent

A

skin lesions that merge together

41
Q

define crust

A

thick, dried out exudate left on skin when vesicles or pustules burst or dry up

42
Q

define cyanosis

A

dusky, blueish mottled discolouration of skin or mucous membranes due to increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin

43
Q

define eccrine glads

A

type of sweat gland that is coiled in tubules and open directly onto the skin surface + produces a dilute saline solution called SWEAT

44
Q

define erosion

A

scooped-out, shallow depression in skin

45
Q

define erythema

A

an intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever, local inflammation, or emotional reactions

46
Q

define excoriation

A

self inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching

47
Q

define fissure

A

linear crack in skin extending in dermis

48
Q

define furuncle

A

a boil; a suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle

49
Q

define hemangioma

A

skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

50
Q

define iris

A

target shape of skin lesion

51
Q

define jaundice

A

yellow color to skin, palate, + sclera, due to excess bilirubin in the blood

52
Q

define keloid

A

hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury

53
Q

define lichenification

A

tightly packed set of papule that thickens the skin, caused by prolonged intense scratching

54
Q

define lipoma

A

benign fatty tumor composed of mature fat cells

55
Q

define macule

A

a flat skin lesion with only a color change

56
Q

define nevus

A

a mole; a circumscribed skin lesion fur to express melanocytes

57
Q

define nodule

A

elevated skin lesion; less than 1cm

58
Q

define pallor

A

excessively pale, whitish pink color to lightly pigmented skin

59
Q

define papule

A

palpable skin lesion, less than 1cm

60
Q

define plaque

A

skin lesion in which papule coalesce or come together

61
Q

define pruritus

62
Q

define purpura

A

red to purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels

63
Q

define pustule

A

elevated cavity containing thick, turbid fluid

64
Q

define scale

A

compact desiccated flake of skin from shredding of dead skin cells

65
Q

define telangiectasia

A

skin lesion due to permanently enlarged + dilated blood vessels that are viable

66
Q

define ulcer

A

sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis

67
Q

define vesicle

A

elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm diameter

68
Q

define wheal

A

raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid

69
Q

define zosteriform

A

linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route

Nursing! (23 decks)

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