Language of Medicine - Chapter 17

Question 1

define pupil

Answer 1

central, dark opening of the eye, surrounded b coloured portion of eye

Question 2

define iris

Answer 2

coloured part of the eye

Question 3

define conjunctiva

Answer 3

membrane lining he inner surfaces of the eyelids + anterior portion of the eyeball over the white of the eye, it is clear + almost colourless except blood vessels

Question 4

what is conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

blood vessels dilate when the eye is infected or inflamed by allergies

Question 5

define cornea

Answer 5

fibrous, transparent tissue that extends like a dome over the pupil + iris, avascular
function = bend or refract the rays of light so they focus properly on sensitive receptor cells in posterior part of eye

Question 6

define sclera

Answer 6

white portion of the eye

Question 7

define choroid

Answer 7

dark brown membrane inside inside sclera, contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to eye

Question 8

define ciliary body

Answer 8

anterior portion of the eye

Question 9

define uvea

Answer 9

iris + ciliary body are known as uvea

Question 10

define lens

Answer 10

behind the pupil + bends / refracts the light rays

Question 11

define accommodation

Answer 11

refractory adjustment to ficus on an object from far to near

Question 12

define aqueous humour

Answer 12

fluid secreted by ciliary body

Question 13

define anterior chamber

Answer 13

houses aqueous humour

Question 14

define virtuous chamber

Answer 14

posterior cavity of the eye which is a large region behind the lens filled vitreous humour

Question 15

define vitreous humour

Answer 15

soft, jelly like material vitreous humour + maintains the shape of eyeball - not constantly re-formed

Question 16

define retina

Answer 16

thin, delicate, and sensitive nerve layer of the eye

Question 17

define rods + cones

Answer 17

rods = ~120 million rods in retina - function in B&W color
cones = ~6.5 million cones in retina - function in bright levels of light + responsible of color + central vision, 3 different cones: red, green, blue

Question 18

define optic nerve

Answer 18

initiate nerve impulses that travel from eye to brain

Question 19

define optic disc

Answer 19

region in the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina

Question 20

define macula

Answer 20

small, oval area of retina adjacent to the optic disc

Question 21

define fovea centralis

Answer 21

central depression which is composed largely of cones + is the location of the sharpest vision of eye

Question 22

define fundus of eye

Answer 22

posterior, inner part is visualized through the ophthalmoscope

Question 23

define left visual field

Answer 23

“purple area” - sensitive cells (rods + cones) in the right half of retina are stimulated

Question 24

define right visual field

Answer 24

“orange color” - rods + cones are stimulated in left hand of each retina

Question 25

define optic chiasm

Answer 25

nervous impulses travel along optic nerve fibres + each retina + ten merge to form optic chaism

Question 26

define optic tract

Answer 26

fibers from right half of each retina form optic tract which leads to thalamus, to right visual cerebral cortex

Question 27

what is hemianopsia?

Answer 27

loss of vision which occurs in both eyes on the contralateral (opposite side) visual field

Question 28

in order what is the pathway of light through the eye?

Answer 28

cornea, anterior chamber and aqueous humour, pupil, lens, virtuous chamber + vitreous humour, retina (rods + cones), optic nerve fibres, optic chiasm, thalamus, cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)

Question 29

aque/o

Answer 29

water

Question 30

blephar/o

Answer 30

eyelid

Question 31

conjunctiv/o

Answer 31

conjunctiva

Question 32

cor/o

Answer 32

pupil

Question 33

corne/o

Answer 33

cornea

Question 34

cycl/o

Answer 34

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

Question 35

dacry/o

Answer 35

tears, tear duct

Question 36

ir/o irid/o

Answer 36

iris (coloured portion of the eye)

Question 37

kerat/o

Answer 37

cornea

Question 38

lacrim/o

Answer 38

tears

Question 39

ocul/o

Answer 39

eye

Question 40

ophthalm/o

Answer 40

eye

Question 41

opt/o optic/o

Answer 41

eye, vision

Question 42

palpebr/o

Answer 42

eyelid

Question 43

papill/p

Answer 43

optic disc; nipple like

Question 44

phac/o phak/o

Answer 44

lens of eyelid

Question 45

pupill/o

Answer 45

pupil

Question 46

retin/o

Answer 46

retina

Question 47

scler/o

Answer 47

sclera (white part of the eye); hard

Question 48

uve/o

Answer 48

uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, + choroid)

Question 49

vitre/o

Answer 49

glassy

Question 50

ambly/o

Answer 50

dull, dim

Question 51

dipl/o

Answer 51

double

Question 52

glauc/o

Answer 52

grey

Question 53

mi/o

Answer 53

smaller, less

Question 54

mydr/o

Answer 54

widen, enlarge

Question 55

nyct/o

Answer 55

night

Question 56

phot/o

Answer 56

light

Question 57

presby/o

Answer 57

old age

Question 58

scot/o

Answer 58

darkness

Question 59

xer/o

Answer 59

dry

Question 60

--opia

Answer 60

vision

Question 61

--opsia

Answer 61

vision

Question 62

--tropia

Answer 62

to turn

Question 63

define pinna / auricle

Answer 63

sound waves enter through here, projecting part or flap of ear

Question 64

define external auditory meatus (auditory canal)

Answer 64

leads from pinna + is lined with numerous glands that secrete a yellowish, brown, waxy substances called cerumen

Question 65

what does cerumen do?

Answer 65

lubricates + protects ear canal

Question 66

define tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Answer 66

sound waves travel through auditory canal + strike a membrane between the outer + middle ear called eardrum

Question 67

what do ossicles do and what are the 3 ossicles?

Answer 67

eardrum vibrates + moves 3 small bones (ossicles), that conduct sound waves through the middle 3 ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

Question 68

define auditory / eustachian tube

Answer 68

canal leading from middle ear to pharynx

Question 69

define labyrinth

Answer 69

in inner ear, circular maze structure

Question 70

define cochlea

Answer 70

in inner ear, snail shaped structure + contains liquids called perilymph + endolymph

Question 71

define organ of Corti

Answer 71

sensitive auditory receptor

Question 72

define auditory nerve fibers

Answer 72

in organ of Corti, tiny hair cells receive vibrations from auditory liquids + relay the sound waves to auditory nerve fibres which is where sounds are heard

Question 73

define vestibule

Answer 73

connects cochlea (for hearing)

Question 74

define semicircular canals

Answer 74

3 circles (for balance)

Question 75

what is the pathway of sound vibrations from outer ear to the brain?

Answer 75

pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea, auditory liquids + receptors in the organ of Corti, auditory nerve fibres, cerebral cortex

Question 76

acous/o

Answer 76

hearing

Question 77

audi/o

Answer 77

hearing; the sense of hearing

Question 78

audit/o

Answer 78

hearing

Question 79

aur/o auricul/o

Answer 79

ear

Question 80

cochle/o

Answer 80

cochlea

Question 81

mastoid/o

Answer 81

mastoid process

Question 82

myring/o

Answer 82

eardrum, tympanic membrane

Question 83

ossicul/o

Answer 83

ossicle

Question 84

ot/o

Answer 84

ear

Question 85

salping/o

Answer 85

Eustachian tube, auditory tube

Question 86

staped/o

Answer 86

stapes (3rd bone in middle ear)

Question 87

typman/o

Answer 87

eardrum, tympanic membrane

Question 88

vestibul/o

Answer 88

vestibule

Question 89

--acusis --cusis

Answer 89

hearing

Question 90

--meter

Answer 90

instrument to measure

Question 91

--otia

Answer 91

ear condition