Language of Medicine - Chapter 11 Flashcards
Cardiovascular System
what are the 3 types of blood vessels in the body?
- capillaries
- veins
- arteries
define arteries
carry blood AWAY from the heart, the walls are lined with CT + muscle tissue + elastic fibres with the innermost layer of epithelial cells called endothelium
- because arteries are carrying blood away from the heart they withstand high pressure of the pumping act + elastic walls allow them to expand
define arterioles
smaller branches of arteries, arterioles are thinner than arteries + carry blood to the tiniest blood vessels (capillaries)
define capillaries
walls are only one endothelial cell in thickness, carry nutrient-rich oxygen + nutrients out of the blood stream
define venules
waste filled blood flows back to the heart in venules
define veins
thinners walls compared to arteries, bring blood TOWARD the heart from organs/tissues
define valves
prevent back flow of blood + keep blood moving in one direction
what structure does blood enter the heart through?
inferior / superior vena cava
does the right side of the heart carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
the right side carries oxygen poor blood (deoxygenated)
does the left side of the heart carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
the left side of the heart carries oxygen rich blood (oxygenated)
define pulmonary artery
blood vessel that divides into the right and left lung
define pulmonary veins
only veins that carry oxygenated blood bring blood back to the heart
define pulmonary circulation
the circulation of blood through the vessels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart again
define aorta
largest artery in the body
define carotid arteries
supply blood to head + neck
define pulse
the beat of the heart as felt through the walls of arteries
what are the 4 chambers of the heart
left atria, left ventricle, right atria, right ventricle
- atria = upper chambers
- ventricles = lower chambers
define the inferior vena cava
carries blood from the lower parts of the body
define the superior vena cava
drains blood from the upper portion of the body
where does the blood go after the vena cava
right atrium
define the right atrium
thin-walled upper right chamber of the heart
- right atrium contracts to force blood through the tricuspid valve
define the right ventricle
lower chamber of the heart
- contracts to pump oxygen poor blood through pulmonary valve
define left atrium
newly oxygenated blood enter left atrium via pulmonary veins, walls contract pushing blood through the mitral (bicuspid) valved
define left ventricle
has the thickest walls out of all the chambers, pumps blood with great force so that blood travels through arteries to all parts of the body
define aortic vavle
left ventricle propels blood through aortic valve
define the endocardium
smooth layer of endothelial cells, lines the interior of the heart + heart valves
define myocardium
middle muscular layer of the heart walls, thickest layer
define pericardium
a fibrous + membranous sac surrounding the heart
- composed of 2 parts visceral pericardium (adheres to the heart) + parietal pericardium (lines outer fibrous coat)
what are the two phases of a heartbeat?
diastole (relaxation)
systole (contraction)
describe diastole
occurs when the ventricle walls relax and blood flows into the heart
describe systole
occurs when walls of the right and left ventricles contract to pump blood into pulmonary artery + aorta
define a murmur
abnormal swishing heartbeat sound
define the sinoatrial node (SA node)
aka the pacemaker of the heart - where the electrical originates, the current electricity generated by the pacemaker + cases the walls of the atria to contract
define the atrioventricular node (AV node)
AV node immediately sends the excitation wave to a bundle of specialized muscle fibres
define bundle of His / atrioventricular bundle
bundle of specialized muscle fibres
- divides into the left and right bundle branch which form conduction myofibrils + extend through the ventricle walls + contract on stimulation
describe an electrocardiogram (ECG)
record used to detect electrical changes in the heart
normal ECG tracing shows 5 waves: P, QRS, + T waves
define P wave
spread of excitation wave over the atria just before contraction
define QRS wave
spread of excitation over the ventricles as the ventricles contract
define T wave
electrical recovery + relaxation of ventricles
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arter/o
aerteri/o
artery
ather/o
yellowish plaque
atri/o
atrium, upper heart chamber
brachi/o
arm
cardi/o
heart
cholester/o
cholesterol (lipid substance)
cornon/o
heart
cyan/o
blue
myx/o
mucus
ox/o
oxygen
pericardi/o
pericardium
phleb/o
vein
rrhythm/o
rhythm
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
valvul/o
valv/o
valve
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
vessel
ven/o
ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower chamber of the heart
