Language of Medicine - Chapter 5 + 6 Flashcards
Digestive System
define the cheeks
form the walls of the oral cavity
define the lips
surround opening to the oral cavity
define the hard palate
forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
define the soft palate
lies posteriorly to the hard palate
define rugae
irregular ridges in mucous membrane covering the hard palate
define uvula
small soft tissue projection, hangs from the soft palate
aids in producing sounds + speech
define tongue
extends across the floor of oral cavity + muscles attach to the lower jawbone
define mastication
chewing
define deglutition
swallowing
define papillae
small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds that are sensitive to nature of foods
define tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue located in the depressions of mucous membranes, act as filters to protect the body from invasion
define gums
fleshy tissue surrounding sockets of teeth
define teeth
16 permanent teeth - (32 permanent teeth in entire mouth)
define crown
above gum line
define root
lies within bony socket
define enamel
protects tooth
define dentin
main substance of tooth, lies beneath enamel
define cementum
covers, protects, supports the dentin in the root
define periodontal membrane
surrounds cementum and holds tooth in place in socket
define pulp
lies underneath dentin
define salivary glands
3 pairs: parotid, submandibular, sublingual all produce saliva which lubricates the mouth
define pharynx
aka as throat
serves as a passage way for air + food
define esophagus
allows food to travel through
define epiglottis
covers trachea so cool cannot enter
define peristalsis
involuntary rhythmic contraction of muscle wall of esophagus
define bolus
mass of food
define stomach
3 parts:
1. fundas (upper portion)
2. body (middle section)
3. antrum (lower portion)
define sphincter
control openings into and leading out of stomach
define lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
relaxes and contracts to move food from esophagus to stomach
define small intestine
20ft in length, has 3 parts:
1. duodenum - 1ft long, receives food from stomach and bile from liver + gallbladder as well as pancreatic juices from pancreas
2. jejunum - 8ft long,
3. ileum - 11ft long + attaches to large intestine
define large intestine
3 parts:
1. cecum: pouch on the right side that connects to ileum at ileocecal valve
2. colon: 5ft long, has 4 sections; ascending, descending, transverse, + sigmoid colon
3. rectum: muscle that can hold stool
define appendix
hangs from cecum
define anus
food exits through
define defecation
expulsion/passage of fees though anus
define liver
located RUQ, manufactures bile
define bilirubin
pigmentation that is produced by breakdown of hemoglobin
define gallbladder
pear shaped, located under liver, stores bile for later use
an/o
anus
append/o
appendic/o
appendix
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cerum
celi/o
belly, abdomen
cheil/o
lip
cholescyst/o
gallbladder
col/o
colon/o
colon
dent/o
tooth
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
usually small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
faci/o
face
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tongue
hepat/o
liver
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
lapar/o
abdomen
lingu/o
tongue
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
odont/o
tooth
or/o
mouth
palat/o
palate
pancreat/o
pancreas
peritone/o
peritoneum
phayrng/o
throat
proct/o
anus / rectum
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
rect/o
rectum
sialaden/o
salivary gland
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
stomat/o
mouth
uvul/o
uvula
amyl/o
starch
bil/i
gall, bile
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
chol/e
gall, bile
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
gluc/o
glyc/o
sugar
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
lip/o
fats. lipids
lith/o
stone
prote/o
protein
py/o
pus
sial/o
salvia / salivary glands
steat/o
fat
–ase
enzyme
–chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
–iasis
abnormal condition
–prandial
meal
–emesis
vomitting
–pepsia
digestion
–phagia
eating, swallowing
–plasty
surgical repair
–ptysis
spitting
–rrhage
–eehagia
bursting
–rrhaphy
suture
–rrhea
flow, discharge
–spasm
involuntary contraction of muscles
–stasis
stopping, controlling
–stenosis
narrowing, tightening
–tresia
opening
