Language of Medicine - Chapter 7

Question 1

examples of nitrogenous wastes are:

Answer 1

urea, creatine, uric acid

Question 2

what are examples of electrolytes and what do they do?

Answer 2

potassium (K+) + sodium (Na+)
they are small molecules that conduct electrical charges

Question 3

define homeostasis

Answer 3

bodies ability to maintain an equilibrium within its internal environment

Question 4

what are two enzymes the kidneys release and what do they do?

Answer 4

1. renin = raises BP
2. erythropoietin (ERO) = stimulates RBC production in bone marrow

Question 5

define calciferol

Answer 5

active form of vitamin D
- secreted by kidneys

Question 6

define kidney

Answer 6

bean shaped organs behind abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal) on either side of the spine

Question 7

define cortex

Answer 7

outer layer of the kidney

Question 8

define medulla

Answer 8

inner layer of kidney

Question 9

define the hilum

Answer 9

depression in the medial boarder of kidney

Question 10

define urinary bladder

Answer 10

a hollow, muscular sac, temporary reservoir for urine

Question 11

define trigone

Answer 11

triangular region at the base of the bladder where ureters enter and the urethra exits

Question 12

define urethra

Answer 12

tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of body

Question 13

define urination or voiding

Answer 13

expelling urine through urethra

Question 14

define glomeruli

Answer 14

mass of tiny coiled small blood vessels

Question 15

define glomerulus

Answer 15

collection of tiny capillaries

Question 16

what are the steps in the formation of urine?

Answer 16

1. filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion

Question 17

list the flow of urine from start to finish

Answer 17

bloodstream, glomerulus, glomerular capsule, renal tubule, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra, urinary meatus

Question 18

define renal pelvis

Answer 18

basin like area in the central part of the kidney

Question 19

define calyces / calices

Answer 19

small cup like regions in the renal pelvis

Question 20

cali/o
calic/o

Answer 20

calyx
cup shaped

Question 21

cyst/o

Answer 21

urinary bladder

Question 22

glomerul/o

Answer 22

glomerulus

Question 23

meat/o

Answer 23

meatus

Question 24

nephr/o

Answer 24

kidney

Question 25

pyle/o

Answer 25

renal pelvis

Question 26

ren/o

Answer 26

kidney

Question 27

trigon

Answer 27

trigone (region of bladder)

Question 28

ureter/o

Answer 28

ureter

Question 29

urethr/o

Answer 29

urethra

Question 30

vesic/o

Answer 30

urinary bladder

Question 31

albumin/o

Answer 31

albumin (protein in blood)

Question 32

azot/o

Answer 32

nitrogen

Question 33

bacteri/o

Answer 33

bacteria

Question 34

dips/o

Answer 34

thirst

Question 35

kal/i

Answer 35

potassium

Question 36

ket/o
keton/o

Answer 36

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

Question 37

lith/o

Answer 37

stone

Question 38

natr/o

Answer 38

sodium

Question 39

noct/ o

Answer 39

night

Question 40

olig/o

Answer 40

scanty

Question 41

–poietin

Answer 41

substance that forms

Question 42

py/o

Answer 42

pus

Question 43

–tripsy

Answer 43

crushing

Question 44

ur/o

Answer 44

urine (urea)

Question 45

urin/o

Answer 45

urine

Question 46

–uria

Answer 46

urination, urine condition