Language of Medicine - Chapter 12 Flashcards
Respiratory System
describe respiration
mechanical process of breathing, the exchange of air between the lungs + external environment
describe inhalation
oxygen passes form environment into the lung air sacs + blood capillaries of lungs
describe internal (cellular) respiration
involves the production of energy from oxygen + food within body cells
define nose
air enters the body via the nose through two openings called the nares
define nasal cavity
air passes through the nasal cavity after the nares
define cilia
fine hairs that aid in filtering out foreign bodies as well as warm + moisten the air
define paranasal sinuses
hollow, air conning spaces within the skill that communicate with the nasal cavity, they have mucous membranes, and lighten the weight of bones in the skull + help produce sound
define pharynx (throat)
3 divisions of pharynx:
1. nasopharynx - contains pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids which are collections of lymphatic tissue
2. oropharynx - includes palatine tonsils which are 2 rounded masses of lymphatic tissue
3. laryngopharynx - serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth + air from the nose + divides into the larynx + esophagus
define epiglottis
flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue, prevents choking or aspiration of food
define trachea (windpipe)
vertical tube and is kept open by 16-20 C shaped rings
define mediastinum
space in the centre of the chest
define bronchial tubes / bronchi
composed of epithelium surrounded by cartilage
define bronchioles
small bronchial branches
define alveoli
collections of air sacs
define erythrocytes
in blood carry oxygen away from lungs to all parts of the body + carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation
define pleura
each lung is covered by a double layered membrane called pleura
define partial pleura
outer layer of the lung near the ribs
define visceral pleura
inner layer, closer to the lung
what is the difference between the two lungs?
the right lung is slightly larger and divided into 3 lobes whereas the left lung is smaller and divided into 2 lobes
what are lobes of the lungs called
- apex = upper portion
- base = lower portion
- hilum = middle portion (only in right lung)
define diaphragm
muscle separating thoracic cavity + abdominal cavity
what is the pathway of air from start to finish
nose (nares), nasal cavities + paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lung capillaries
adenoid/o
adenoid
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
