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Nursing! > Discipline of Professional Nursing > Flashcards

Discipline of Professional Nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

mission statement of the BN program

A

aims + values of program
to prepare graduates who practice nursing as knowledgable, competent and caring health professionals and contribute to society as learned, innovative and thinking citizens

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2
Q

philosophical beliefs
HEALTH

A
  • is an asset
  • includes biological, physical, psychological, social, developmental, cognitive, cultural, and spiritual aspects
  • is influenced by many factors
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3
Q

achievement of health

A

reaching optimum level of well being for the individual / community

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4
Q

philosophical beliefs
PERSON/INDIVIDUAL & CLIENT

A
  • someone with unique traits, beliefs, values + perceptions
  • client can be person, family, group, community, society, humanity
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5
Q

philosophical beliefs
ENVIRONMENT

A

greatly impacts health and is the surroundings + atmosphere where clients live

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6
Q

philosophical beliefs
NURSES & NURSING

A
  • a professional discipline
  • primary role = develop relational partnerships with clients to support and assist them to reach optimal health
  • achieved by developing a nurse-client relationship
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7
Q

philosophical beliefs
NURSING EDUCATION

A
  • transforms students into professional nurses
  • acquisition of knowledge, skills, behaviours, perspectives, and attitudes
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8
Q

philosophical beliefs
TEACHERS & TEACHING

A
  • create positive learning climate
  • facilitate, coach, support
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9
Q

philosophical beliefs
LEARNERS & LEARNING

A
  • critical, active, inquisitive, interactive, reflective + lifelong
  • meaningful synthesis (shared)
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10
Q

philosophical beliefs
TEACHING & LEARNING PARTNERSHIP

A
  • based on shared responsibility
  • teachers have inherent power
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11
Q

role of student

A
  • consumers of education
  • take advantage of support services
  • learn to be: critical, inquisitive, reflective
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12
Q

role of teacher

A
  • create a positive learning environment
  • assist students in learning self-directed and reflective learning
  • help students become “professional learners”
  • facilitator
  • coach
  • role model
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13
Q

concept

A

mental formulation of an object or event; can either be concrete (readily observable) or abstract (non observable)

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14
Q

conceptual framework

A

a group of related concepts - which provides an overall view of the relationship between concepts
- “paints a picture” of what nurses do

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15
Q

what is a relational practice?

A
  • dynamic approach - acknowledges “in that moment”
  • nurse-client partnership is at the centre of the relationship
  • this partnership changes and evolves according to needs of client (always client centred)
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16
Q

philosophical beliefs

A
  • approach/framework that guides nurses behaviours
  • acknowledges context that plays a major role in health
  • it ensures all interactions are purposeful and useful to the client
    art + skill of being able to connect with client
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17
Q

6 relational nursing obligations

A
  1. nurse as inquire not an expert
  2. be reflexive + intentional
  3. open the relational space
  4. explore client experience by actively listening
  5. identify clients understanding of experience
  6. be aware of meaning and context in client experience
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18
Q

context

A
  • circumstances in which situations occur
  • “in the moment” & continuously changing
  • nurse & client have unique contextual influences
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19
Q

factors that impact partnership

A
  1. characteristics of partnership
  2. health status of client
  3. expectations and beliefs of client
  4. knowledge + experience of nurse
  5. professional expectations of nurse
  6. environment
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20
Q

what is the most important framework in nursing?

A

self reflection!

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21
Q

barriers

A
  • technology driven HCS
  • prescriptive outcomes
  • standardize care
  • patients viewed as the problem to be solved
  • top-down approaches
  • workload & lack of support
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22
Q

benefits

A
  • focus shifts from nurse to client/family
  • shift from doing collaborating
  • increased insight into clinical experience
  • minimize medical or relational harm to client
  • empowers client to take the lead in their own health outcomes
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23
Q

entry level outcomes

A

minimal required skills and knowledge that graduates are expected to have in order to provide safe, competent, and ethical care

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24
Q

the professional nurse

A

has their own values, beliefs, but are also being guided professionally by standards set in place externally

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25
Q

nursing practice contains:

A
  1. code of ethics
  2. Canadian entry to practice competencies
  3. nursing practice standards
  4. interprofessional collaboration competencies
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26
Q

who are RN’s?

A
  • 10% male
  • 48% agreed 35-54
  • ~60% work in acute care (med/surg, operating room, long term care, emergency/ICU, L&D)
  • less than 60% full time
  • 21 healthcare professions
  • SELF REGULATED
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27
Q

college of registered nurses of Manitoba (CRNM)

A
  • sets standards for RN education and practice in MB
  • mission - to protect and serve the public
  • promote good nursing practice
  • prevent poor nursing practices
  • intervene in cases of poor practice
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28
Q

association of regulated nurses of Manitoba (ARNM)

A
  • a provincial professional voice for nurses
  • support + promote excellence in nursing practices, education, research, leadership + policy
  • advocate for RN + health of people living in MB
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29
Q

Canadian nurses association (CNA)

A
  • national, professional voice for nurses
  • speaks for and represents regulated nurses to other organizations + government
  • publish the code of ethics (CoE)
  • influence health policy
  • promotes the role of the RN
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30
Q

requirements to be an RN

A
  • complete recognize education (diploma 2-3 years)
  • pass NCLEX
  • complete criminal record check
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31
Q

why has nursing education changed?

A
  • healthcare has changed
  • once educated in hospital (back in the day), education has moved into colleges and universities
  • bachelor degrees have slowly replaced diplomas as entry to profession
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32
Q

how can you remain an RN?

A
  • in MB, RN’s must register and complete a continuing competence program (CCP) annually
33
Q

licensed practical nurses (LPN)

A
  • 2 year program
  • have a specific role within healthcare system
  • may have a limited scope of practice, often influenced by employer policies
34
Q

registered psychiatric nurse (RPN)

A
  • less than 1000 in MB
  • largest group of mental health professionals
  • 4 year bachelor degree (focus on mental health illnesses)
35
Q

nurse practitioners (NP)

A
  • RN with advanced education
  • order diagnostic tests + prescribe drugs
  • perform invasive procedures
36
Q

when do RN’s work?

A
  • Shiftwork (provides flexibility)
  • challenges = include childcare, impaired sleep)
  • shifts longer than 13 hr (increased medical errors, pts are dissatisfied with care, risk of burnout, fatigue, “drowsy driving” in nurses)
  • absenteeism up to 19 days/year
37
Q

6 characteristics of nursing

A
  1. accountability
  2. specialized body of knowledge
  3. competent application of knowledge
  4. code of ethics
  5. service to the public
  6. self-regulated
38
Q

accountability

A
  • legally answerable decisions we make as a nurse
  • as a student nurse practice accountability (due dates, pulling your weight in group projects, stand behind the work you do)
39
Q

specialized body of knowledge

A

specific nursing knowledge has shaped the specialized body of knowledge nurses have

40
Q

competent application of knowledge

A

we have specialized body of knowledge but we also have to know how to use it + apply it

41
Q

code of ethics

A

“rules” that must be followed related to ethical practice

42
Q

service to the public

A

nurses are driven to do good for the patients and for the public

43
Q

self regulated

A

we are regulated by other nurses. government awards healthcare professionals because few people outside the profession have the specialized knowledge

44
Q

the value of having more RN’s

A
  • shorter lengths of stays and better discharge planning + fewer re-admissions
  • lower rates of medication errors
  • lower rates of hospital acquired infections (UTI + pneumonia) + pressure ulcers
  • saves healthcare system $$
45
Q

social forces affecting the image of nursing

A
  • viewed as women’s work
  • “feminine” virtues: caring, nurturing, tenderness, selflessness
  • most sexualized profession
46
Q

can nursing students help improve the image of nursing?

A
  • speak positively about nursing
  • pay attention to the work of nurses
  • use a critical eye when observing nurses in media
  • practice professional behaviours in + out of the classroom
  • become involved with ARNM
47
Q

how are patients labeled in healthcare

A
  • patient historically came from paternalistic model of healthcare
  • movement towards client centeredness - the word client was adopted
  • labels are powerful and can influence a therapeutic relationship
48
Q

define disease

A

the “physiological deviation for normal”

49
Q

define illness

A

the “experience of living with a disease”

50
Q

T or F
a patient who reports poor health and wellness often experience less stress?

A

FALSE patients with poor health and wellness experience more stress

51
Q

why does it matter if patients are dealing with stress?

A
  • hospitalizations can cause feelings of uncertainty, fear, powerlessness, and anxiety
  • as a nurse you see patients at their most vulnerable
  • patients families, and HCW all experience stress
  • stress shows up in many different ways - knowing how to recognize it can strengthen you therapeutic relationship
52
Q

what is stress?

A

a non specific response of those to any demand made on it. occurs when individuals perceive that they cannot cope adequately with the demands being made on them of their well being is threatened

53
Q

what are stressors?

A

events or demands that activate stress responses in the body

2 types:
physiological and psychological

54
Q

physiological stress

A

stress on joints from running and infection can activate the stress response in the body, experiencing physical pain / injury, giving birth, inadequate nutrition

55
Q

emotional / psychological stress

A

learning about something sad/tragic, relationship conflict, financial struggles, grieving, due dates about exams

56
Q

involuntary VS primitive stress response

A

involuntary = do not have control over it
primitive = has been with us for a long period of time

57
Q

what are the 2 stress response systems?

A

sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) + hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)

58
Q

symptoms of stress response

A

SAM = releases epinephrine
HPA = releases cortisol
both:
- increase HR (tachycardia)
- increase BP
- increase breathing rate (tachypnea)
- increase blood sugar levels
- blood rushes to brain + skeletal muscles
- increase awareness + alertness
- decreased digestive activity
- impaired immune system
- decrease reproductive activity

59
Q

what does stress look like?

A

using a relational, client centred approach, it will be important for RN to understand + acknowledge that patients choice, decision + behaviour may be motivated by stress

60
Q

factors that influence response to stressors

A
  • intensity
  • scope
  • duration
  • number + nature of other stressors
  • past exposure to serious stressors
  • predictability
61
Q

characteristics of the individual that influence the stress response

A
  • age
  • gender
  • perception of personal control or inescapability
  • availability of social supports
  • feelings of competence
    cognitive appraisal
62
Q

define coping

A

active process of managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems + seeking to master, minimize, reduce, to tolerate stress
(things you do to lower stress)

63
Q

positive coping VS negative coping

A

negative = substance use, cannabis, tobacco, shopping, avoidance, withdraw from situations, controlling everything, acting out, etc

positive = deep breathing, meditation, delegating, showing emotion, journal writing, pet therapy, etc.

64
Q

how can we help patients cope?

A
  • bring in familiar objects to hospital (blanket, pictures, etc)
  • encourage to ask questions about care
  • keep promises
  • be truthful
  • encourage them to ask for what they need
65
Q

define noncompliance

A

the mismatch between what is prescribed in terms of medication or lifestyle change and what client actually does

66
Q

why are clients non compliant?

A
  • lack of understanding / education
  • financial circumstances
  • social circumstances
  • the way medications are prescribed
  • uncomfortable side effects

it CANNOT be assumed noncompliance is because patient is refusing to follow advice

67
Q

complications of high stress

A
  • physiological consequences: nausea / vomiting, irritability, dizziness, perspiring + crying
  • psychological consequences: depression, anxiety, low levels of self confidence, poor concentration + loss of motivation + ability to focus
68
Q

causes of stress in nursing school

A

year 1 = difficult to find balance between person life + academic demands

year 2 = improvement in well being, increased expectations / workload, not enough time for personal life

year 3 = improvement in well being (time management + organizational skills helped)

69
Q

coping strategies used by students

A
  • seeking emotional supports from classmates, family, friends
  • reflecting, reorganizing, responding
  • exercising + getting outdoors
  • organizing, planning + prioritizing
70
Q

what will nursing school require?

A
  • motivation
    organization
  • strategies
71
Q

how can a nursing student stay organized?

A
  1. plan - what must be done / what should be done
  2. anticipate - can you predict what might interfere / can you find out how long readings / assignments might take
  3. delegate - are there tasks / responsibilities that you can ask someone else to do
72
Q

how to manage stress

A
  • use strategies that worked in the past (exercise, nutrition, socializing)
  • accept help from others (friends, family, support services)
73
Q

tips for building professional relationships (teacher/student)

A
  • get to know prof
  • take charge of learning
  • ask for feedback
    -review tests + assignments
  • take responsibility if its not going well ask for help
74
Q

tips for learning in lectures

A
  • come prepared
  • listen for cues (concepts that are repeated, emphasized, summarized
  • DO NOT write everything down
  • try to review notes within 24 hours of class
  • develop questions you don’t understand
75
Q

what is the number 1 source of stress in nursing students

A

clinical practice

76
Q

define academic integrity

A

adherence to moral and ethical principles (honesty)

77
Q

academic misconduct

A

dishonest behaviour related to academic work

78
Q

why do nursing students cheat?

A
  • believe the content is not relevant to being a nurse
  • believe assignment / exam is not fair
  • believe it is the only way to deal with heavy workloads
  • strong focus on achievements / grades
  • students have used the approach in the past
  • believe it is a victimless crime
79
Q

what are the strategies for learning with integrity?

A
  1. build your reputation
  2. prepare for each assignment
  3. get the right support
  4. improve academic writing skills
  5. write tests with integrity

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