Head, Face, and Neck

Question 1

what are the 2 major muscles in the neck?

Answer 1

sternomastoid and trapezius

Question 2

name the boarders of two regions in the neck: anterior + posterior triangle

Answer 2

anterior triangle: boarder by sternomastoid + midline of the body. Base is mandible + apex is at suprasternal notch

posterior triangle: bordered by sternomastoid + trapezius. Base is at clavicle

Question 3

list facial features that should appear symmetrical when inspecting the head

Answer 3

eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, mouth

Question 4

describe the characteristics of lymph nodes associated with the following conditions: acute infection, chronic inflammation, cancer

Answer 4

1. acute infection = increased size, tender, swollen
2. chronic inflammation = increased size, hard / rubbery, tender, swollen
3. cancer = hard, enlarged, present for weeks

Question 5

define caput succendaneum

Answer 5

caused from pressure on scalp + swelling makes scalp spongy. noticeable at birth + goes down soon after

Question 6

define cephalhematoma

Answer 6

bleeding under the scalp, appears as a discrete bulge at back of head, may take months to go away

Question 7

define tonic neck reflex in infants

Answer 7

aka as fencers position, automatic response in infants when head is turned to one side
- arm on head side = stretched out + hand partially opened
- opposite arm = bends at elbow + fist clenched

Question 8

describe characteristics of normal lymph nodes during childhood

Answer 8

less than 1/2 inch (12mm) in diameter

Question 9

list conditions associated with partial gland enlargement

Answer 9

• infectious organisms
• inflammatory conditions
• bacterial infections
• salivary gland stones
• parotid gland tumors
• eating disorders
• diabetes
• tooth problems / dental issues
• autoimmune disease
• cancer
• chronic illness

Question 10

describe facial characteristics that occur with down syndrome

Answer 10

• flatten face
• almond shaped eyes
• small ears
• tongue sticks out of mouth
• white spots on eyes (brush field spots)

Question 11

hyperthyroidism VS hypothyroidism

Answer 11

hyperthyroidism = face is flush, palms turn red due to increase blood flow, other facial characteristics = swelling rashes, redness

hypothyroidism = dull facial expression, hoarse vice, slow speech, drooping eyelids