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Histology > Skin- glands > Flashcards

Skin- glands Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of glands

A

-sebaceous glands
- merocrine (eccrine) glands
-apocrine glands

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2
Q

describe sebaceous glands

A

alveolar, holocrine glands, consisting of branched acini

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3
Q

how much of the cell is secreted in sebaceous glands

A

the entire cell

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4
Q

how many sebaceous glands are associated with a hair follicle

A

one or more, develop as outgrowths of external root sheath

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5
Q

what do sebaceous glands look like on a slide

A

foamy, almost like brown fat

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6
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete and via what

A

oily sebum via pilosebaceous canal

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7
Q

what does the pilosebaceous canal contain

A

high in lipid content and cell debris

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8
Q

what is the function of sebum

A

used for waterproofing, moisturizing skin and hair

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9
Q

where are pilosebaceous canals also found

A

on non-haired transitional skin where they secrete sebum directly onto skin surface

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10
Q

what is seborrhea

A

excessive secretion of sebum

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11
Q

what makes a pilosebaceous unit

A

a hair follice and its associated arrector pili muscle and sebaceous gland

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12
Q

describe sweat glands

A

simple, coiled, tubular glands surrounded by myoepithelial cells, assist in secretion

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13
Q

what are the 2 types of sweat glands

A

merocrine and apocrine

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14
Q

what do follicle mites do

A

feed on sebaceous gland secretion on skin to keep sebaceous glands clear

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15
Q

what do merocrine glands secrete

A

only product

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16
Q

where are merocrine glands located in the body

A

most of body surface except lips and genitalia

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17
Q

where are merocrine glands located on a slide

A

deep dermis or subcutis

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18
Q

describe merocrine glands

A

unbranched, coiled, tubular glands with 1-2 layers of cuboidal to columnar epithelium with excretory ducts

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19
Q

what do merocrine glands secrete

A

sweat onto skin surface via sweat pore on epidermal ridges

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20
Q

what does sweat contain

A

hypotonic solution of salts, ammonia, urea, uric acid

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21
Q

what is the function of sweat

A

thermoregulation for evaporative cooling

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22
Q

where does body lose sweat from

A

600 ml/day from lungs, skin and mucous membranes

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23
Q

what part of the ANS is thermoregulatory sweating

A

cholinergic/parasympathetic

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24
Q

where does thermoregulatory sweating occur

A

first in axillae, then forehead and scalp, then hands and feet

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25
Q

what part of the ANS is emotional sweating

A

adrenergic/sympathetic

26
Q

where does emotional sweating occur

A

palms and soles

27
Q

what is the alternative explanation to sweating

A

sweat glands innervated by sympathetic but use cholinergic nerves and dont use adrenaline

28
Q

what do apocrine sweat glands secrete

A

product along with some cytoplasm

29
Q

describe apocrine sweat glands

A

coiled, tubular with large dilated lumina

30
Q

where are apocrine sweat glands located

A

in axillae, groin

31
Q

when do apocrine sweat glands develop

A

at puberty

32
Q

describe the epithelium in apocrine sweat glands

A

secretory, cuboidal epithelium, 2-3 cell layers thick, surround large glandular lumen

33
Q

describe the secretions of apocrine glands

A

thick, viscid secretions into hair follicle that contain proteins, carbs, ammonia, lipids, and organic products

34
Q

describe the odor of apocrine gland secretions

A

odorless when secreted but bacterial breakdown causes acrid odor

35
Q

what is the secretion type in apocrine sweat glands

A

adrenergic

36
Q

what type of glands are cerumen glands

A

apocrine

37
Q

where do mammary glands develop

A

along paired epidermal ridges called mammary ridges or milk lines that extend from axillae to groin

38
Q

what are mammary glands

A

highly modified apocrine sweat glands indentical in males and females until puberty

39
Q

when and how do mammary glands develop in females

A

under influence of pituitary and ovarian hormones, following pregnancy, produce milk to feed young

40
Q

what happens to mammary glands at menopause

A

atrophy and involute

41
Q

what are inactive mammary glands composed of

A

dense, irregular collagenous CT, interspersed with adipose tissue and occasional smooth muscle

42
Q

what are tubulo acinar glands organized into

A

secretory lobules

43
Q

what are mammary glands drained by

A

terminal ducts that drain into lactiferous ducts which empty into lactiferous sinus in the region of the nipple

44
Q

what is the areola

A

pigmented region around the nipple, stratified squamous epithelium with deep epidermal ridges

45
Q

what glands do the areola contain

A

merocrine sweat and sebaceous glands

46
Q

what happens to mamary glands during lactation

A

enlarge due to hypertrophy of secretory cells and accumulation of secretory product

47
Q

what is colostrum and when is it secreted

A

-secreted first few days after birth
- an alkaline, yellowish secretion with high protein and salt content and low lipid and carbohydrate
-contains lots of Ab’s important in passive immunity

48
Q

what produces milk

A

merocrine and apocrine

49
Q

what secretes the protein portion of milk?lipid portion?

A

protein- merocrine
lipid-apocrine

50
Q

what are meissner’s corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors/touch receptors in dermal ridges of papillary layer

51
Q

where are messner’s corpuscles located

A

hands, feet, lips genitalia

52
Q

describe meissner’s corpuscles

A

cylindrical structures
- afferent nerve fibers associated with minimally modifed scwann cells

53
Q

what are pacinian corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors located in dermis and hypodermis

54
Q

where are pacinian corpuscles located and what is their function

A

fingertips and around joints to detect mechanical vibratory pressure

55
Q

describe pacinian corpuscles

A
  • large ovoid structures
  • consist of afferent N fibers surrounded by highly modified schwann cells to form concentric lamellae separated by fluid filled spaced
56
Q

what are ruffini corpuscles and where are they common

A

small dermal mechanoreceptors, especially common in soles of feet

57
Q

what sensory modalities do ruffini corpuscles serve

A

heat.cold, touch, pain, movement

58
Q

describe ruffini corpuscles

A

-lack CT capsule and associated schwann cells

59
Q

what do ruffini corpuscles contain and where are these structures located

A

free nerve endings - present in epidermis and papillary dermis, surrounds most hair follicles

60
Q

what are merkel cells

A

epidermal cells derived from neural crest

61
Q

describe merkel cells and where theyre found

A

look like melanocytes, located in stratum basale and contain dense core granules that store serotonin

62
Q

what type of sensory receptors are merkel cells

A

pressure sensitive mechanoreceptors, associated with free afferent nerve endings and merkel discs

Histology (27 decks)

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