EXAM 3 Starts: Oral Cavity and Tooth development- Part 1 Flashcards
what is the oral cavity bound with superiorly
hard and soft palate
what is the oral cavity bound by inferiorly
tongue and floor
what is the oral cavity bound by anterior and laterally
teeth
what is the oral cavity bound by posteriorly
oropharynx
what is the vestibule
area enclosed between lips and teeth
what is the vermillion border
transitional zone between external haired skin and internal oral mucosa
what is the color of the lips derived from
highly vascular dermis and thin overlying keratinized epidermis
what glands do lips lack
sweat and sebaceous glands
why are lips highly sensitive
lots of sensory innervation
what is the function of the oral cavity
- ingestion, fragmentation, and moistening of food
-speech, facial expression, sensory perception and respiration
what is mastication
cutting, chewing, grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth
what is mastication assisted by
lips, tongue, and salivary glands that form a bolus for swallowing
what is another word for swallowing
deglutition
what are the three types of oral mucosae
-lining mucosa
-masticatory mucosa
- specialized mucosa
describe the lining mucosa and where its found
non-keratinized mucosa found on inner cheeks, floor of mouth inferior surface of tongue and soft palate
what does the lining mucosa lack
stratum corneum
where is the masticatory mucosa
in areas of high abrasion such as gingiva and hard palate
what type of epithelium lines the masticatory mucosa
keratinized or parakeratinized
where is specialized mucosa located and what type of epithelium
restricted to dorsal surface of the tongue, keratinized
describe the tongue
muscular organ composed of interlacing skeletal muscle fibers
what is function of the tongue
manipulation of food and sensation of taste
what glands are on the tongue and where
accessory salivary glands within lamina propria and between muscle layers
what cranial nerves innervate the tongue and what are their functions
-5 - general sensation anterior to sulcus terminalis
-7 -taste
-9- general sensation and taste posterior to sulcus terminalis
-10 - taste, motor
-12- motor
what is the tongue supported by
frenulum
what is the frenulum
thin band of connective tissue anchoring tongue to floor of mouth
what is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue derived from embryologically
ectoderm
what is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue derived from embryologically
pharynx (mesoderm)
what is the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue separated by
sulcus terminalis
what epithelium covers the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
anterior 2/3 - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
posterior 1/3 - non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what are the 4 types of lingual papillae
-filiform papillae
- fungiform papillae
- foliate papillae
- circumvallate papillae
describe filiform papillae
keratinized, short bristles, distributed in parallel rows
what is the most numerous papillae
filiform
what is the function of filiform papillae
lacks taste buds so tactile
describe fungiform papillae and where theyre located
mushroom shaped, scattered among filiform papillae
where are the taste buds on fungiform papillae located
dorsal surface
describe foliate papillae and where theyre located
located in furrows/ridges on lateral portion of the tongue
where are taste buds on foliate papillae located
laterally
what salivary glands are located at the base of foliate papillae
von-Ebners glands
describe circumvallate papillae
row of 8-12 large dome shaped papillae
where are circumvallate papillae found
immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis
what are circumvallate papillae surrounded by
moat-like sulcus containing large numbers of taste buds laterally
what salivary glands are associated at the base of circumvallate papillae
von Ebner’s glands
where are taste buds located
on papillae of tongue (except filiform), palate, pharynx, epiglottis
what is the function of taste buds
changes in taste with age
what do taste buds contain
oval shaped consisting of 20-30 spindle shaped central taste cells containing terminal taste hairs
what is another word for taste cells
gustatory cells
where are taste hairs located
surface of cell into a central taste pore
what are taste hairs covered with
glycoprotein coat and surrounded by sustentacular cells and basal cells
are taste cells replaced when lost
yes
what are taste cells associated with
myelinated Nerve endings
what cranial nerves innervate taste buds
7,9, and 10
how many receptors for taste does a taste cell have
receptors for only one taste
how many receptors for taste does a taste bud have
taste buds contain a mixture of taste cells
where are bitter taste receptors located
circumvallate papillae
where are umami taste receptors located
circumvallate papillae
what are umami flavored foods
asparagus, tomatoes, beef, cheese and MSG
what AA’s do umami taste receptors detect
glutamate and aspartate
what do tasters taste with PTC strips
bitter
what is hypogeusia
decreased ability to detect taste
what is type 1 familial dysautonomia
hereditary condition that results in total absence of taste buds
what is the lingual tonsil and where is it located
lymphoid tissue mass located in underlying mucosa in caudal 1/3
what is the structure and function of lingual tonsils similar to
palatine and pharyngeal tonsils
what is weldeyers ring
all tonsils located in nasopharynx
what is the function of Waldeyers ring
protects respiratory and digestive tract
what is the uvula
extension of posterior free margin of soft palate
what is the central core of the uvula made of
skeletal muscle
what is the uvula covered with
lining mucosa with IG numbers of submucosal glands
what is the function of the uvula
prevents food from entering nasal cavity during swallowing
where are salivary glands distributed
throughout submucosa of oral cavity
what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
describe the parotid gland and its location
largest gland, located on cheeks, almost completely serous
where is the parotid duct located
opens with vestibule, opposite upper 2nd molar
what is another name for the parotid duct
stenson’s duct
where is the sublingual gland located and what type of gland is it
below tongue, mostly mucous
where is the submandibular gland located and what type of gland is it
located inferior and medial to ramus of mandible, mixed gland
where is submandibular duct opening and whats another name for it
opens at sublingual caruncle and called Wharton’s duct
what are the accessory glands
lingual, labial, buccal, molar, palatine
describe the morphology of salivary glands
compound tubuloacinar glands
what is the secretory unit of salivary glands
acinus
what surround acini and what do they do
myoepithelial cells aid in secretion of saliva into ducts
what types of acini are in salivary glands
serous or mucous
what are serous acini of mixed glands often in the form of
demilunes
what are intercalated ducts lined by and what do they do
simple cubdoidal epithelium - secrete HCO3 and resorb Cl
what do interacalated ducts empty into
larger striated ducts
what is the epithelium of striated ducts
simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
what do larger striated ducts empty into
larger excretory ducts
what do larger striated ducts possess
basal striations, due to folding of plasma membrane
what is the function of striated ducts
resorb Na, secrete K into saliva, secrete lysozyme and IgA
what epithelium line excretory ducts
stratified cuboidal or pseudostratifed columnar
what does sympathetic stimulation do
inhibits aqueous secretion which results in thick, viscous saliva rich in protein
what does parasympathetic stimulation do
production of lots of watery saliva
what does saliva contain
water, glycoproteins and proteins, enzymes and antibodies
what enzymes are in saliva and what is their function
- amylase - converts starch to sugar
- lysozyme- antibacterial
what do antibodies in saliva secrete
Iga and inorganic ions such as Ca, P and Cl
what are the concentrations of K, Na, and bicarbonate in saliva
high in K, low Na, high in bicarbonate
what is the average saliva production in humans per day
600-1500 ml/day
what are the functions of saliva
-moistens oral mucosa and dry food
-provides carrier medium for sense of taste
- buffering via high bicarbonate content
- digestion of carbohydrates via amylase
- immunologic function - secretion of salivary IgA
- control of bacterial flora
how does control of bacterial flora in saliva work
- proteins in saliva cover teeth with acquired pellicle
- contains antibodies that prevent tooth decay
- decreased salivary production exacerbates tooth decay
