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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of connective tissue

A

-provides structural support and metabolic support
- carries blood vessels
-tissue repair
-mediates exchange of nutrients and metabolites between tissue and circulation

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2
Q

what is primitive connective tissue derived from

A

mesodermal mesenchyme

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3
Q

describe the appearance of connective tissue

A

contains spindle shaped cells, jelly like ECM and some fibers

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4
Q

what are the cells in connective tissue

A

fibroblasts, reticular cells, and adipocytes

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5
Q

what do fibroblasts look like

A

pointed, elongated spindle shaped cells

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6
Q

what is the function of fibroblasts

A

synthesize and maintain proteinaceous ground substance and connective tissue fibers

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7
Q

what are myofibroblasts

A

fibroblasts with contractile ability

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8
Q

what are reticular cells

A

a type of fibroblast of lymph nodes and bone marrow

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9
Q

what do reticular cells look like

A

branched fibroblasts

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10
Q

what is the function of reticular cells

A

synthesize reticular fibers, phagocytosis

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11
Q

what do adipocytes look like

A

large, balloon shaped, clear spaces filled with lipid with a dark rim and a nucleus pushed to the outside

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12
Q

what do adipocytes do

A

storage and metabolism of lipids

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13
Q

what is another word for extracellular matrix

A

ground substance

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14
Q

what are the fiber types embedded in the matrix

A

collagen, reticulin, elastin

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15
Q

what does collagen do

A

provides tensile strength

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16
Q

what is the most common form of collagen

A

type 1

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17
Q

what does type 1 collagen make up in the body

A

loose and dense connective tissue of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone and fibrocartilage

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18
Q

what are the two types of type 2 collagen

A

hyaline and elastic

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19
Q

what makes up type 3 collagen

A

reticulin fibers, thin branching net like fibers

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20
Q

what does type 3 collagen do

A

structural support in organs

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21
Q

what produces type 3 collagen

A

reticular cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and fibroblasts

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22
Q

describe the stain of type 3 collagen

A

argyrophilic

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23
Q

where is type 4 collagen found

A

basement membranes

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24
Q

what type of collagen does ehlers-danlos syndrome affect and what are the symptoms

A

affects type 5 collage and it is characterized by hyperextension of joints, skin fragility, and poor wound healing

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25
Q

describe collagen synthesis

A

-initially synthesized as procollagen, composed of three alpha polypeptide chains
- packed into secretory vesicles and secreted into ECS
- modified in ECM to form tropocollagen monomers
- polymerization of tropocollagen into larger bundles results in collagen microfibrils
-microfibrils combine to form larger collagen fibers, several fibers make up a bundle

26
Q

describe elastic fibers

A

highly branched
- random coiling pattern allows stretching
- arranged in fibers and sheets
-refractile

27
Q

what synthesizes elastic fibers

A

fibroblasts that make a tropoelastin precursor. then polymerizes in ECM to form elastin

28
Q

what are the 2 components of elastic fibers

A

elastin and fibrillin

29
Q

describe elastin

A

protein core similar to collagen, surrounded by microfibrils of fibrillin

30
Q

what is marfans syndrome

A

autosomal dominant condition resulting in abnormal elastic fibers

31
Q

what happens to the body in marfans syndrome

A
  • tall stature, long limbs and long thin fingers
  • enlarged aorta with increased regurgitation and increased risk of developing a dissecting aneurysm
32
Q

what makes up structural glycoproteins

A

fibrillin and fibronectin

33
Q

where is fibronectin found and what does it do

A

basement membrane, aids in adhesion between cell membrane and ECM via integrins

34
Q

what are integrins

A

adhesion molecules

35
Q

what are some non- filamentous molecules that make up basement membranes

A

laminin, entactin, tenascin

36
Q

what is ground substance

A

amorphous, transparent material with properties of a semi fluid gel

37
Q

describe the chemical structure of what makes up ground substance

A

long, unbranched polysaccharide chains of repeating disaccharide units
- one of the two sugars is always an amino sugar (GAG)

38
Q

what are proteoglycans

A

most GAG molecules bind to protein molecules to form these

39
Q

what happens with non-functional or insufficient lysosomal enzymes

A

lysosomal storage diseases “mucopolysaccharidoses”

40
Q

what is ground substance mostly made of

A

GAGs, proteoglycans and water

41
Q

whats the most common GAG in loose connective tissue

A

hyaluronic acid

42
Q

describe the polarity of GAGs

A

negatively charged due to sulfate and carboxyl side groups, hydrophilic which gives rise to gel like property

43
Q

what are the forms of connective tissue

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue and dense connective tissue

44
Q

describe the appearance of loose connective tissue

A

sparse fibers, abundant ground substance, viscous gel like consistency

45
Q

what is the function and location of loose CT

A

function: support
location: beneath epithelia and around nerves and vessels

46
Q

what is the function of dense connective tissue and describe the appearance

A

provides structural support, abundant fibers, moderate number of cells, less ground substance

47
Q

what are the 2 types of dense CT

A

regular and irregular

48
Q

describe regular dense CT

A

collagen fibers oriented parallel to each other, densely packed fibers and cells arranged in fascicles

49
Q

describe irregular dense CT

A

collagen fibers oriented randomly, moderate number of fibers and few cells

50
Q

what does specialized CT make up

A

bone, blood, cartilage, adipose tissue, hematopoietic tissue and lymphatic tissue,
- mesenchymal and mucus CT in embryo

51
Q

what are adipocytes derived from

A

lipoblasts

52
Q

what is the function of adipose tissue

A

energy storage, thermoregulation and shock absorber

53
Q

what are the types of adipose tissue

A

white fat and brown fat

54
Q

where is white fat located

A

distributed in dermic and around intraperitoneal organs

55
Q

what is another term for white fat

A

unilocular

56
Q

what is another term for brown fat

A

multilocular

57
Q

what is the function of brown fat

A

thermoregualtion

58
Q

where is brown fat located in humans

A

adrenals

59
Q

what makes brown fat brown

A

the large amount of mitochondria

60
Q

what gives brown fat the capability to thermoregulate

A

the large amount of mitochondria create large amount of energy for heat production

Histology (27 decks)

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