Skeletal System Flashcards
what is the primary function of bone and cartilage
support and locomotion
what is the secondary function of bone and cartilage
protection, mineral storage, and hemopoiesis
what are bone and cartilage derived from
mesenchymal cells
describe bone vs cartilage
bone- rigid
cartilage- semi-rigid
what are the relative strength of bone and cartilage due to
properties of ground substance and extracellular fibers
what is cartilage a precursor for
bone
explain cartilage formation
-begins with stellate mesenchymal cells that differentiate into chondroblasts that grow and make ground substance and fibrous ECM trapping chondroblasts in lacunae
- further mitotic divisions produce mature chondrocytes referred to as isogenous groups separated by ECM
what is the difference between territorial matrix vs interterritorial matrix
territorial matrix is ECM inside the cell
interterritorial matrix is ECM between cells
what surrounds cartilage
perichondrium
what makes up perichondrium
dense CT containing fibroblasts, collagen and immature chondroblasts
what is interstitial growth
new cartilage forms within mass and chondrocytes retain ability to divide
what is apositional growth
new cartilage forms at surface of pre-existing cartilage; more common (occurs at periphery)
what are new chondrocytes derived from
mesenchymal cells of inner perichondrium - differentiate first into chondroblasts
where are more mature chondrcytes located
center of cartilage mass
does cartilage have blood vessles
no it is avascular
how does exchange of metabolites in cartilage occur
via diffusion through ground substance
where does thick cartilage contain blood vessels
in secondary cartilage canals
describe the ECM of amorphous ground substance in cartilage
-contains collagen
- 60-80% water bound to proteoglycans such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin sulfate
what gives matrix flexibility and incompressibility
water and proteoglycans in the matrix
is hyaluronic sulfated
NO
what is the most common glycoprotein
chonronectin
what are the 3 types of cartilage
-hyaline
- fibrocartilage
- elastic
where is hyaline cartilage found
articular surfaces, growth plates, nasal septum, costal cartilages, tracheal and bronchial rings
what is the precursor for bone in most of skeleton
hyaline cartilage