Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

where can epithelia be found

A

body surfaces, lines body cavities and forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do epithelial cells produce

A

keratin intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are keratin intermediate filaments useful for

A

tumor ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the epithelia derived from

A

ecotoderm, endoderm or mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what parts of the epithelia are derived from the ectoderm

A

-epidermis (hair nails, glands, mammary glands; oral and anal mucosa
- cornea and lens of eye
-enamel organ and enamel of teeth
-anterior pituitary
-inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what parts of the epithelia are derived from the neuroectoderm

A

-neural tube (CNS)
- pineal body, posterior pituitary, sensory epithelium of eye, ear and nose
- neural crest (PNS)
- ganglia, nerves, glial cells, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, neuroendocrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what part os epithelia arise from the mesoderm

A

epithelium of kidneys and gonads
- mesothelium (lining pleura, peritoneal and pericardial cavities)
- endothelium (blood and lymph vessels)
-adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what part of epithelia is derived from endoderm

A
  • respiratory epithelium
    -alimentary epithelium (except oral and anal cavity)
  • liver, pancreas, gallbladder, thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus
  • epithelial lining of tympanic cavity and eustacian tubes
  • transitional epithelium of bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functions of the epithelium

A

-barrier (skin)
- SPM
- Secretion
- absorption
- transport
-sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is epithhelia penetrated by blood vessels

A

never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what supports epithelia

A

basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the basement membrane do

A

separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do epithelial cells rely on to survive

A

diffusion of O2 and nutrients from underlying tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what makes up the mucous membrane

A

epithelium that lines cavities that connect with outside world such as alimentary, respiratory, or urogenital tracts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what makes up the muscularis mucosae

A

surface epithelium of ectoderm, basement membrane, supporting connective tissue (lamina propria), and layers of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 layers of the basement membrane

A

lamina densa, lamina lucida, and lamina reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the lamina lucida

A

most superficial, in contact with basal cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the lamina reticularis

A

most deep, merges with surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the lamina densa

A

anchored to underlying connective tissue by microfibrils of type 4 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are cell junctions

A

intercellular epithelial attachment sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the types of cell junctions

A

occluding, adhering, communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is another word for occluding junctions

A

tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are occluding junctions located

A

immediately beneath luminal surfaces of simple columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are zona occludens

A

portions of opposing cell membranes that fuse together forming continuous cicumferential band around cells in occluding junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what do occluding junctions do

A

prevent leakage between cells by sealing intracellular spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where is the fascia occludens

A

between endothelial cells in wall of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

whats another term for adhering junctions

A

anchoring junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what do adhering junctions do

A

bind cells together, act as anchoring points for cell cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the zonular adherens

A

a continuous band characterized by transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

do cell membranes fuse in adhering junctions

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are macula adherens

A

small, circular patches; most common type of cell junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where are adhering junctions located

A

on the lateral surface of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what attachment proteins are found in adhering junctions

A

desmoplakins, desmogleins, and tonofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where are hemidesmosomes found

A

on basal surface of cell only, anchoring it to basement membrane via integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what type of cell junction are hemidesmosomes

A

adhering junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what type of cell junction is associated with high mechanical abrasion

A

hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is a junctional complex

A

hybrid of adhering junctions and occluding junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are the zones in a junctional complex

A

zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is another term for junctional complex

A

terminal bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is another word for zonula occludens

A

tight junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is another word for zonula adherens

A

adherent junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is another word for macula adherens

A

desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is another word for communicating junctions

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

where are gap junctions located

A

focal or regional adherent zones located on lateral border of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

describe gap junctions

A

roughly circular, intercellular contact areas containing hundreds of individual channels called connexons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are connexons made of

A

a ring of 6 integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what do gap junctions do

A

permit passage of small molecules between adjacent cells, allow transport of information and metabolites between cells

48
Q

what are microvilli

A

finger like cytoplasmic projections that extend from the cell surface

49
Q

what are microvilli made of

A

actin filaments

50
Q

what is the function of microvilli

A

increase SA for absorption or secretion

51
Q

where can microvilli be found

A

striated border in intestine and brush border in renal tubules

52
Q

what supports the microvilli and what is it made of

A

the terminal web which is made of actin microfilaments at base

53
Q

what are sterocilia

A

long microvilli, not cilia

54
Q

where are stereocilia found

A

in epididymis of males and sensory cells of inner ear

55
Q

are sterocillia motile

A

no

56
Q

what do stereocilia contain

A

actin filaments

57
Q

what are cilia

A

long, motile cytoplasmic extensions

58
Q

what is an axoneme

A

“9 + 2” arrangement of microtubules

59
Q

where can an axoneme be found

A

cilia

60
Q

where do cilia arise from

A

individual basal body

61
Q

what do cilia develop from

A

centrioles

62
Q

how do cilia move

A

they beat in synchronous metachronal rhythm which is a rapid effective stroke followed by a slower, flexible recovery stroke

63
Q

why are cilia unevenly spaced

A

to perform metachronal rhythm

64
Q

what do cilia contain

A

microtubule doublets with dynein arms

65
Q

what disorders arise from microtubules lack of dynein arms in cilia

A

kartageners syndrome, dextrocardia or sinus inversus, and hydrocephalus

66
Q

what is kartageners syndrome

A

causes sterility in males due to non functional flagella on sperm

67
Q

what is dextrocardia/sinus invertus

A

heart and/or other organs moved from left to right due to absence of ciliary activity during embryonic development

68
Q

what is hydrocephalus

A

due to non functional cilia on ependymal cells unable to circulate CSF. results in enlargement of the head

69
Q

what are the 3 criteria for epithelial classification

A

-number of cell layers
- shape of cells
-surface specializations

70
Q

describe simple epithelial layers

A

1 cell layer thick

71
Q

describe stratified epithelial layer

A

2 or more cell layers

72
Q

describe pseudostratified cell layers in epithelia

A

looks stratified but isnt, all cells rest of basement membrane but not all cells extend to epithelial surface

73
Q

describe squamous cells in shape

A

flattened, width is greater than height

74
Q

describe cuboidal cells in shape

A

width is about equal to height and depth

75
Q

describe columnar cells in shape

A

height is greater than width

76
Q

describe simple squamous cells

A

one cell thick

77
Q

describe simple cuboidal cells

A

1 layer thick, look like cubes

78
Q

describe simple columnar cells

A

single layer, tall, nuclei often cluster along base of the cell

79
Q

describe stratified squamous cells

A

-more than 1 layer thick
- cells near the surface are flattened, cells near the base are different shapes

80
Q

why are cells lighter pink and have no nucleus towards the surface in stratified squamous cells

A

they are dead

81
Q

describe pseudostratified epithelial cells

A
  • all cells are in contact with the basement membrane
  • only 1 cell layer thick
    -cells are different sizes and shapes
82
Q

where would you find pseudostratified epithelia

A

respiratory cells

83
Q

describe transitional epithelia

A

-stratified epithelium modified for distensibility
- varies from sqaumous to cuboidal

84
Q

where can transitional epithelia be found

A

lines most of urinary tract except for parts of urethra

85
Q

describe endothelium epithelia

A

simple squamous

86
Q

where is endothelium epithelia found

A

lines blood vessels and lymphatics

87
Q

where is mesothelium found

A

lines closed body cavities such as pericardial and abdominal cavities

88
Q

describe mesothelium

A

simple squamous although they can look thicker almost like cuboital

89
Q

what are glands made of

A

epithelial cells

90
Q

how do you classify glands

A

-morphology of the gland/duct
- type of secretory produce
- mode of discharge of secretory product

91
Q

what are the 2 types of duct morphology

A

simple gland and compound gland

92
Q

what is a simple gland

A

unbranched ducts (straight or coiled)

93
Q

what is a compound gland

A

branched ducts

94
Q

what shapes can glands be

A

-tubular
-acinar
-tubuloacinar

95
Q

describe tubular glands

A

tube like (straight or coiled)

96
Q

describe acinar glands

A

sac like or flask shaped, individual sacs called acinus

97
Q

what are tubuloacinar glands

A

intermediate tube with dilated end

98
Q

describe serous glands and give example and stain color

A

watery, bascophili acini
ex: parotid gland
stains dark purple

99
Q

describe mucous gland and give example and stain color

A

thick viscous secretion of proteins
ex: palatal
stains pale and looks foamy

100
Q

what are mixed glands

A

contain mucous and serous acini and serous demilunes

101
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete and where can they be found

A

glands of skin secrete lipids in form of sebum

102
Q

what do ceruminous glands secrete and where are they found

A

secrete cerumen (ear wax) and found in external ear canal

103
Q

what are the two functional groups of glands

A

endocrine glands and exocrine glands

104
Q

describe endocrine glands

A

lack ducts, secrete hormones into bloodstream

105
Q

describe exocrine glands

A

secrete product onto epithelial surface via ducts

106
Q

what type of cells do exocrine glands contain

A

myoepithelial cells

107
Q

what are myoepithelial cells and where can they be found

A

specialized contractile cells that assist in secretion that lie between secretory cells and basement membrane

108
Q

what are goblet cells

A

specialized unicellular exocrine glands located in epithelium that secrete mucus

109
Q

what are the modes of discharge

A

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine

110
Q

describe merocrine glands

A

also called eccrine glands, only secretory product release is proteins,most common, invovles simple exocytosis

111
Q

where can merocrine type glands be found

A

sweat glands on skin

112
Q

describe apocrine glands

A

secrete membrane bound vesicles, product accompanies by some cytoplasm but usually lipid and protein products

113
Q

where can apocrine glands be found

A

apocrine sweat glands and mammary glands

114
Q

describe holocrine glands

A

entire cell secreted, products are so thick that the cell must rupture to release its products

115
Q

where can holocrine glands be found

A

sebaceous glands

Histology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions