Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

where can epithelia be found

A

body surfaces, lines body cavities and forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do epithelial cells produce

A

keratin intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are keratin intermediate filaments useful for

A

tumor ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the epithelia derived from

A

ecotoderm, endoderm or mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what parts of the epithelia are derived from the ectoderm

A

-epidermis (hair nails, glands, mammary glands; oral and anal mucosa
- cornea and lens of eye
-enamel organ and enamel of teeth
-anterior pituitary
-inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what parts of the epithelia are derived from the neuroectoderm

A

-neural tube (CNS)
- pineal body, posterior pituitary, sensory epithelium of eye, ear and nose
- neural crest (PNS)
- ganglia, nerves, glial cells, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, neuroendocrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what part os epithelia arise from the mesoderm

A

epithelium of kidneys and gonads
- mesothelium (lining pleura, peritoneal and pericardial cavities)
- endothelium (blood and lymph vessels)
-adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what part of epithelia is derived from endoderm

A
  • respiratory epithelium
    -alimentary epithelium (except oral and anal cavity)
  • liver, pancreas, gallbladder, thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus
  • epithelial lining of tympanic cavity and eustacian tubes
  • transitional epithelium of bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functions of the epithelium

A

-barrier (skin)
- SPM
- Secretion
- absorption
- transport
-sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is epithhelia penetrated by blood vessels

A

never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what supports epithelia

A

basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the basement membrane do

A

separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do epithelial cells rely on to survive

A

diffusion of O2 and nutrients from underlying tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what makes up the mucous membrane

A

epithelium that lines cavities that connect with outside world such as alimentary, respiratory, or urogenital tracts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what makes up the muscularis mucosae

A

surface epithelium of ectoderm, basement membrane, supporting connective tissue (lamina propria), and layers of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 layers of the basement membrane

A

lamina densa, lamina lucida, and lamina reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the lamina lucida

A

most superficial, in contact with basal cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the lamina reticularis

A

most deep, merges with surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the lamina densa

A

anchored to underlying connective tissue by microfibrils of type 4 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are cell junctions

A

intercellular epithelial attachment sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the types of cell junctions

A

occluding, adhering, communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is another word for occluding junctions

A

tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are occluding junctions located

A

immediately beneath luminal surfaces of simple columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are zona occludens

A

portions of opposing cell membranes that fuse together forming continuous cicumferential band around cells in occluding junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what do occluding junctions do
prevent leakage between cells by sealing intracellular spaces
26
where is the fascia occludens
between endothelial cells in wall of blood vessels
27
whats another term for adhering junctions
anchoring junctions
28
what do adhering junctions do
bind cells together, act as anchoring points for cell cytoskeleton
29
what is the zonular adherens
a continuous band characterized by transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherins
30
do cell membranes fuse in adhering junctions
no
31
what are macula adherens
small, circular patches; most common type of cell junctions
32
where are adhering junctions located
on the lateral surface of the cell
33
what attachment proteins are found in adhering junctions
desmoplakins, desmogleins, and tonofilaments
34
where are hemidesmosomes found
on basal surface of cell only, anchoring it to basement membrane via integrins
35
what type of cell junction are hemidesmosomes
adhering junctions
36
what type of cell junction is associated with high mechanical abrasion
hemidesmosomes
37
what is a junctional complex
hybrid of adhering junctions and occluding junctions
38
what are the zones in a junctional complex
zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens
39
what is another term for junctional complex
terminal bar
40
what is another word for zonula occludens
tight junction
41
what is another word for zonula adherens
adherent junction
42
what is another word for macula adherens
desmosomes
43
what is another word for communicating junctions
gap junctions
44
where are gap junctions located
focal or regional adherent zones located on lateral border of cell
45
describe gap junctions
roughly circular, intercellular contact areas containing hundreds of individual channels called connexons
46
what are connexons made of
a ring of 6 integral proteins
47
what do gap junctions do
permit passage of small molecules between adjacent cells, allow transport of information and metabolites between cells
48
what are microvilli
finger like cytoplasmic projections that extend from the cell surface
49
what are microvilli made of
actin filaments
50
what is the function of microvilli
increase SA for absorption or secretion
51
where can microvilli be found
striated border in intestine and brush border in renal tubules
52
what supports the microvilli and what is it made of
the terminal web which is made of actin microfilaments at base
53
what are sterocilia
long microvilli, not cilia
54
where are stereocilia found
in epididymis of males and sensory cells of inner ear
55
are sterocillia motile
no
56
what do stereocilia contain
actin filaments
57
what are cilia
long, motile cytoplasmic extensions
58
what is an axoneme
"9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules
59
where can an axoneme be found
cilia
60
where do cilia arise from
individual basal body
61
what do cilia develop from
centrioles
62
how do cilia move
they beat in synchronous metachronal rhythm which is a rapid effective stroke followed by a slower, flexible recovery stroke
63
why are cilia unevenly spaced
to perform metachronal rhythm
64
what do cilia contain
microtubule doublets with dynein arms
65
what disorders arise from microtubules lack of dynein arms in cilia
kartageners syndrome, dextrocardia or sinus inversus, and hydrocephalus
66
what is kartageners syndrome
causes sterility in males due to non functional flagella on sperm
67
what is dextrocardia/sinus invertus
heart and/or other organs moved from left to right due to absence of ciliary activity during embryonic development
68
what is hydrocephalus
due to non functional cilia on ependymal cells unable to circulate CSF. results in enlargement of the head
69
what are the 3 criteria for epithelial classification
-number of cell layers - shape of cells -surface specializations
70
describe simple epithelial layers
1 cell layer thick
71
describe stratified epithelial layer
2 or more cell layers
72
describe pseudostratified cell layers in epithelia
looks stratified but isnt, all cells rest of basement membrane but not all cells extend to epithelial surface
73
describe squamous cells in shape
flattened, width is greater than height
74
describe cuboidal cells in shape
width is about equal to height and depth
75
describe columnar cells in shape
height is greater than width
76
describe simple squamous cells
one cell thick
77
describe simple cuboidal cells
1 layer thick, look like cubes
78
describe simple columnar cells
single layer, tall, nuclei often cluster along base of the cell
79
describe stratified squamous cells
-more than 1 layer thick - cells near the surface are flattened, cells near the base are different shapes
80
why are cells lighter pink and have no nucleus towards the surface in stratified squamous cells
they are dead
81
describe pseudostratified epithelial cells
- all cells are in contact with the basement membrane - only 1 cell layer thick -cells are different sizes and shapes
82
where would you find pseudostratified epithelia
respiratory cells
83
describe transitional epithelia
-stratified epithelium modified for distensibility - varies from sqaumous to cuboidal
84
where can transitional epithelia be found
lines most of urinary tract except for parts of urethra
85
describe endothelium epithelia
simple squamous
86
where is endothelium epithelia found
lines blood vessels and lymphatics
87
where is mesothelium found
lines closed body cavities such as pericardial and abdominal cavities
88
describe mesothelium
simple squamous although they can look thicker almost like cuboital
89
what are glands made of
epithelial cells
90
how do you classify glands
-morphology of the gland/duct - type of secretory produce - mode of discharge of secretory product
91
what are the 2 types of duct morphology
simple gland and compound gland
92
what is a simple gland
unbranched ducts (straight or coiled)
93
what is a compound gland
branched ducts
94
what shapes can glands be
-tubular -acinar -tubuloacinar
95
describe tubular glands
tube like (straight or coiled)
96
describe acinar glands
sac like or flask shaped, individual sacs called acinus
97
what are tubuloacinar glands
intermediate tube with dilated end
98
describe serous glands and give example and stain color
watery, bascophili acini ex: parotid gland stains dark purple
99
describe mucous gland and give example and stain color
thick viscous secretion of proteins ex: palatal stains pale and looks foamy
100
what are mixed glands
contain mucous and serous acini and serous demilunes
101
what do sebaceous glands secrete and where can they be found
glands of skin secrete lipids in form of sebum
102
what do ceruminous glands secrete and where are they found
secrete cerumen (ear wax) and found in external ear canal
103
what are the two functional groups of glands
endocrine glands and exocrine glands
104
describe endocrine glands
lack ducts, secrete hormones into bloodstream
105
describe exocrine glands
secrete product onto epithelial surface via ducts
106
what type of cells do exocrine glands contain
myoepithelial cells
107
what are myoepithelial cells and where can they be found
specialized contractile cells that assist in secretion that lie between secretory cells and basement membrane
108
what are goblet cells
specialized unicellular exocrine glands located in epithelium that secrete mucus
109
what are the modes of discharge
merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine
110
describe merocrine glands
also called eccrine glands, only secretory product release is proteins,most common, invovles simple exocytosis
111
where can merocrine type glands be found
sweat glands on skin
112
describe apocrine glands
secrete membrane bound vesicles, product accompanies by some cytoplasm but usually lipid and protein products
113
where can apocrine glands be found
apocrine sweat glands and mammary glands
114
describe holocrine glands
entire cell secreted, products are so thick that the cell must rupture to release its products
115
where can holocrine glands be found
sebaceous glands

Histology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions