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Lindsey's Sketchy Parasites and Fungi > Sketchy: Hep B > Flashcards

Sketchy: Hep B Flashcards

1
Q

Cue:

  • blue and other cool color scheme
A

DNA virus

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2
Q

Name the single stranded DNA virus.

A

parvovirus

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3
Q

About _____% of adult HBV cases will develop into a chronic infection.

A

5-10%

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4
Q

Describe the HDV genome.

A

negative sense, enveloped, circular RNA virus

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5
Q

Newborns with HBV have a _____% chance of developing a chronic infection.

A

90-95%

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6
Q

_______ is when both HepB and HepD are transmitted simultaneously.

A

Co-infection

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7
Q

Most DNA viruses replicate in the _____.

A

nucleus

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8
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa can affect the BVs leading to the kidney, which would manifest as _____ and ______.

A

a reduced GFR and HTN

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9
Q

Cue:

  • hippies wearing oversized, flowy clothing sitting in a circle, with another half circle behind them
A
  • loose clothing = enveloped virus
  • circle = circular DNA
  • half circle = partially double-stranded
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10
Q

Cue:

  • mother hippie attaching pieces of flair to the orange-clad hippie children
A
  • orange kids = Hepatitis D
  • pieces of flair = HBsAg (HBV surface antigen)
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11
Q

Cue:

  • fortune teller reading “Reverso Transcription” book and flipping a crab tarot card on a liver-shaped rock
A
  • “reverso transcriptum” = uses reverse transcriptase
  • rock liver = cirrhosis
  • crab card = CA (hepatocellular carcinoma)
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12
Q

Does HBV cross the placenta? Why/why not?

A

No- it’s too large

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13
Q

Cue:

  • hippie van has antenna twisted into an alpha shape
A
  • twisted antenna = gets interference = interferon alpha = INF-alpha
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14
Q

Where does HBV replicate?

A

inside AND outside of the nucleus

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15
Q

Cue:

  • Hippie covered in henna kneeling down next to kidney-shaped bead boxes, beading red beads onto a string
A
  • Hippie = Hep B
  • henna = rash
  • kneeling = pain = arthralgias
  • kidney shaped boxes = kidney damage
  • ***all s/s of polyarteritis nodosa
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16
Q

Cue:

  • father hippie with 2 hippie kids dressed in orange, flowy hippie clothes wearing moon necklaces and headbands
A
  • Hepatitis D
  • 2 kids = 2 types of infection (co-infection and superinfection)
  • orange = RNA virus
  • flowy clothes = enveloped
  • moon = negative sense
  • headbands = circle = circular genome
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17
Q

In ______, the small aneurisms that form on the arteries is said to have a “beads on a string” appearance.

A

polyarteritis nodosa

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18
Q

Cue:

  • dome-shaped Hippie pad with hippies inside and outsidee
A
  • dome shaped = nucleus
  • Hippie pad = hepadnavirus
  • out and in nucleus = replication occurs both places
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19
Q

What does HBV cause?

A
  • hepatitis- RUQ pain, jaundic
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
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20
Q

Most acute cases of HBV will _____.

A

resolve spontaneously

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21
Q

What is the tx for HBV?

A
  • lamivudine
  • NRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
  • interferon alpha
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22
Q

Cue:

  • baby has a large, liver-shaped cookie while the mom has a small cookie
A
  • baby = 90-95% risk of chronic infection
  • adult = 5-10% risk of chronic infection
23
Q

A unique characteristic of the HBV genome is that it is _____-shaped and partially ______.

A

circular shaped, partially double stranded

24
Q

If the pregnant mother is HBV positive, then give the newborn baby ______ and _____.

A

immunoglobulin and the HBV vaccine

25
Q

HepD cannot cause any disease without ____.

A

HepB

26
Q

Cue:

  • one orange kid holding his dad’s hand, while one orange kid is sitting on the dad’s shoulders (and dad is grimacing)
A
  • orange kid = HepD
  • holding hand = cooperative = co-infection
  • shoulders = superior position = super infection
  • grimace = superinfection is worse
27
Q

Describe the rash associated with HBV.

A

purpuric rash with non-blanching, dark macules

28
Q

ALT is _____ in early neonatal hepatitis.

A

normal

29
Q

ALT _____ in acute viral hepatitis.

A

rises

30
Q

HDV requires ____ from HBV to be infectious.

A

Hep-B surface antigen

31
Q

What does HBsAg mean?

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen

32
Q

________ is when HepD is transmitted on top of existing HepB infection.

A

Superinfection

33
Q

Does HBV carry its own reverse transcriptase?

A

yes- but it’s not a retrovirus bc it doesn’t integrate into the host chromosome

34
Q

If a pt has positive serology for Anti-HBs, how do you know if they’ve just been vaccinated or if they have had a prior infection?

A

look for Anti-HBc and/or Anti-HBe

35
Q

In ______ , ALT is greater than AST.

A

viral hepatitis

36
Q

In alcoholic hepatitis, AST is _____ than ALT.

A

greater than

37
Q

Cue:

  • Hippie van with a flat tire that has wavy rainbow lines on the side that says “We are all one SpECiES”
  • S = red E = orange C = yellow E = green S = blue
A
  • Hippie van = hepatitis B
    • flat tire under SPE = symptomatic beginning of infection S = HbSAg (HepB surface antigen) = first marker of active disease
  • p = ignore
  • E = HBeAg (HepB E antigen) = 2nd to appear; positive correlation to degree of infectivity
  • C = anti-Hbc (HepB core antibody) = first Ab to appear in the window period
  • i = ignore
  • E = anti-HBe (HepB e antibody) = Ab to HepB E antigen = low infectivity
  • S = anti-HBs (anti-HepB surface antibody) = infection over, pt has recovered
38
Q

In viral hepatitis, AST is _____ than ALT.

A

smaller

39
Q

Does HBV treatment cure the disease?

A

no, tx just minimizes damage by preventing replication

40
Q

Cue:

  • baby playing with a deflated beach ball labeled ALT and some keys shaped like IgG
A
  • deflated ALT ball = ALT is normal in early neonatal hepatitis
  • IgG keys = give at-risk babies immunoglobulins @ birth
41
Q

In ______, AST is greater than ALT.

A

alcoholic hepatitis

42
Q

In polyarteritis nodosa, the small aneurisms that form on the arteries is said to have a “______” appearance.

A

beads on a string

43
Q

When does HBV become fully double-stranded?

A

during replication

44
Q

_____ is a systemic vasculitis that affect medium to small arteries.

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

45
Q

Cue:

  • string with 2 knots in it going into a kidney box: big one on top with thick strings and one below with tram-track appearance
A
  • knotted string = glomerulus
  • top knot = thickened glomerular membrane of membranous glomerulonephritis
  • bottom knot = mesangial deposits expanding into the BM in MPGN
46
Q

Cue:

  • Peace banner that reads “Make Peace, Not War” with a lamb and a she-elf on it
A
  • some tx for HBV:
  • lamb = lamivudine
  • she-elf = NRTIs
47
Q

____ and those pts with _____ HBV should be treated.

A

Pregnant women and chronic infection pts

48
Q

If the pt is positive for Anti-HBs, do they have an acute or chronic infection?

A

neither- Anti-HBs = recovery or immunization

49
Q

Cue:

  • blue curve of second S in SpECiES is wrapped around a syringe
A

Anti-HBs is seen in vaccinated people

50
Q

What kind of virus is Hep B?

A

enveloped DNA hepadnavirus

51
Q

Cue:

  • Hippie throwing a beach ball labeled ALT into the air
A

ALT rises in acute viral hepatitis

52
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

A
  • sex
  • sharing blood products
  • sharing needles
  • vertical transmission
53
Q

What will a person immunized against HBV test positive for on serology?

A

Anti-HBs

54
Q

Cue:

  • Hippie lady wearing red and white tye-dye, holding a sign that says “Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll,” pushing a baby, surrounded by tiki torches
A
  • red and white = blood transmission
  • sex/drugs/R&R = transmission
  • baby = vertical transmission
  • torches = O (other) in TORCHES

Lindsey's Sketchy Parasites and Fungi (32 decks)

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