Sketchy: Hep B Flashcards
1
Q
Cue:
- blue and other cool color scheme
A
DNA virus
2
Q
Name the single stranded DNA virus.
A
parvovirus
3
Q
About _____% of adult HBV cases will develop into a chronic infection.
A
5-10%
4
Q
Describe the HDV genome.
A
negative sense, enveloped, circular RNA virus
5
Q
Newborns with HBV have a _____% chance of developing a chronic infection.
A
90-95%
6
Q
_______ is when both HepB and HepD are transmitted simultaneously.
A
Co-infection
7
Q
Most DNA viruses replicate in the _____.
A
nucleus
8
Q
Polyarteritis nodosa can affect the BVs leading to the kidney, which would manifest as _____ and ______.
A
a reduced GFR and HTN
9
Q
Cue:
- hippies wearing oversized, flowy clothing sitting in a circle, with another half circle behind them
A
- loose clothing = enveloped virus
- circle = circular DNA
- half circle = partially double-stranded
10
Q
Cue:
- mother hippie attaching pieces of flair to the orange-clad hippie children
A
- orange kids = Hepatitis D
- pieces of flair = HBsAg (HBV surface antigen)
11
Q
Cue:
- fortune teller reading “Reverso Transcription” book and flipping a crab tarot card on a liver-shaped rock
A
- “reverso transcriptum” = uses reverse transcriptase
- rock liver = cirrhosis
- crab card = CA (hepatocellular carcinoma)
12
Q
Does HBV cross the placenta? Why/why not?
A
No- it’s too large
13
Q
Cue:
- hippie van has antenna twisted into an alpha shape
A
- twisted antenna = gets interference = interferon alpha = INF-alpha
14
Q
Where does HBV replicate?
A
inside AND outside of the nucleus
15
Q
Cue:
- Hippie covered in henna kneeling down next to kidney-shaped bead boxes, beading red beads onto a string
A
- Hippie = Hep B
- henna = rash
- kneeling = pain = arthralgias
- kidney shaped boxes = kidney damage
- ***all s/s of polyarteritis nodosa
16
Q
Cue:
- father hippie with 2 hippie kids dressed in orange, flowy hippie clothes wearing moon necklaces and headbands
A
- Hepatitis D
- 2 kids = 2 types of infection (co-infection and superinfection)
- orange = RNA virus
- flowy clothes = enveloped
- moon = negative sense
- headbands = circle = circular genome
17
Q
In ______, the small aneurisms that form on the arteries is said to have a “beads on a string” appearance.
A
polyarteritis nodosa
18
Q
Cue:
- dome-shaped Hippie pad with hippies inside and outsidee
A
- dome shaped = nucleus
- Hippie pad = hepadnavirus
- out and in nucleus = replication occurs both places
19
Q
What does HBV cause?
A
- hepatitis- RUQ pain, jaundic
- polyarteritis nodosa
- hepatocellular carcinoma
20
Q
Most acute cases of HBV will _____.
A
resolve spontaneously
21
Q
What is the tx for HBV?
A
- lamivudine
- NRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
- interferon alpha
22
Q
Cue:
- baby has a large, liver-shaped cookie while the mom has a small cookie
A
- baby = 90-95% risk of chronic infection
- adult = 5-10% risk of chronic infection
23
Q
A unique characteristic of the HBV genome is that it is _____-shaped and partially ______.
A
circular shaped, partially double stranded
24
Q
If the pregnant mother is HBV positive, then give the newborn baby ______ and _____.
A
immunoglobulin and the HBV vaccine
25
HepD cannot cause any disease without \_\_\_\_.
HepB
26
Cue:
* one orange kid holding his dad's hand, while one orange kid is sitting on the dad's shoulders (and dad is grimacing)
* orange kid = HepD
* holding hand = cooperative = co-infection
* shoulders = superior position = super infection
* grimace = superinfection is worse
27
Describe the rash associated with HBV.
purpuric rash with non-blanching, dark macules
28
ALT is _____ in early neonatal hepatitis.
normal
29
ALT _____ in acute viral hepatitis.
rises
30
HDV requires ____ from HBV to be infectious.
Hep-B surface antigen
31
What does HBsAg mean?
Hepatitis B surface antigen
32
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is when HepD is transmitted on top of existing HepB infection.
Superinfection
33
Does HBV carry its own reverse transcriptase?
yes- but it's not a retrovirus bc it doesn't integrate into the host chromosome
34
If a pt has positive serology for Anti-HBs, how do you know if they've just been vaccinated or if they have had a prior infection?
look for Anti-HBc and/or Anti-HBe
35
In ______ , ALT is greater than AST.
viral hepatitis
36
In alcoholic hepatitis, AST is _____ than ALT.
greater than
37
Cue:
* Hippie van with a flat tire that has wavy rainbow lines on the side that says "We are all one SpECiES"
* S = red E = orange C = yellow E = green S = blue
* Hippie van = hepatitis B
* * flat tire under SPE = symptomatic beginning of infection S = HbSAg (HepB surface antigen) = first marker of active disease
* p = ignore
* E = HBeAg (HepB E antigen) = 2nd to appear; positive correlation to degree of infectivity
* C = anti-Hbc (HepB core antibody) = first Ab to appear in the window period
* i = ignore
* E = anti-HBe (HepB e antibody) = Ab to HepB E antigen = low infectivity
* S = anti-HBs (anti-HepB surface antibody) = infection over, pt has recovered
38
In viral hepatitis, AST is _____ than ALT.
smaller
39
Does HBV treatment cure the disease?
no, tx just minimizes damage by preventing replication
40
Cue:
* baby playing with a deflated beach ball labeled ALT and some keys shaped like IgG
* deflated ALT ball = ALT is normal in early neonatal hepatitis
* IgG keys = give at-risk babies immunoglobulins @ birth
41
In \_\_\_\_\_\_, AST is greater than ALT.
alcoholic hepatitis
42
In polyarteritis nodosa, the small aneurisms that form on the arteries is said to have a "\_\_\_\_\_\_" appearance.
beads on a string
43
When does HBV become fully double-stranded?
during replication
44
\_\_\_\_\_ is a systemic vasculitis that affect medium to small arteries.
Polyarteritis nodosa
45
Cue:
* string with 2 knots in it going into a kidney box: big one on top with thick strings and one below with tram-track appearance
* knotted string = glomerulus
* top knot = thickened glomerular membrane of membranous glomerulonephritis
* bottom knot = mesangial deposits expanding into the BM in MPGN
46
Cue:
* Peace banner that reads "Make Peace, Not War" with a lamb and a she-elf on it
* some tx for HBV:
* lamb = lamivudine
* she-elf = NRTIs
47
\_\_\_\_ and those pts with _____ HBV should be treated.
Pregnant women and chronic infection pts
48
If the pt is positive for Anti-HBs, do they have an acute or chronic infection?
neither- Anti-HBs = recovery or immunization
49
Cue:
* blue curve of second S in SpECiES is wrapped around a syringe
Anti-HBs is seen in vaccinated people
50
What kind of virus is Hep B?
enveloped DNA hepadnavirus
51
Cue:
* Hippie throwing a beach ball labeled ALT into the air
ALT rises in acute viral hepatitis
52
How is HBV transmitted?
* sex
* sharing blood products
* sharing needles
* vertical transmission
53
What will a person immunized against HBV test positive for on serology?
Anti-HBs
54
Cue:
* Hippie lady wearing red and white tye-dye, holding a sign that says "Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll," pushing a baby, surrounded by tiki torches
* red and white = blood transmission
* sex/drugs/R&R = transmission
* baby = vertical transmission
* torches = O (other) in TORCHES
