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Lindsey's Sketchy Parasites and Fungi > Sketchy: Aspergillis > Flashcards

Sketchy: Aspergillis Flashcards

1
Q

Where will aspergillomas be seen on an upright CXR?

A

at the bottom (they’re gravity dependent)

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2
Q

Aspergillus form ______ with fruiting bodies.

A

conidiophores

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3
Q

What kind of reaction is Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis (ABPA)?

A

type I hypersensitivity

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4
Q

What does Aspergillus look like on microscopy?

A

its hyphae branch at acute angles and have septations

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5
Q

Name the fungi:

  • its hyphae branch at acute angles and have septations
A

Aspergillus

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6
Q

Ddx?

  • necrosis of paranasal sinuses and nose
A
  • Mucor
  • Aspergillosis
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7
Q

Angioinvasive aspergillosis invades _____ and disseminiates very quickly throughout the body.

A

blood vessels

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8
Q

Who is susceptible to developing aspergillomas?

A

those who already have lung cavities (TB, Klebsiella)

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9
Q

Cue:

  • scarecrow with black dots where his kidneys, heart, and nose should be, and the top of his head has a black spot with a ring around it
A
  • Disseminated Angioinvasive aspergillosis. Affects:
  • kidney = kidney failure
  • heart = endocarditis
  • nose = necrosis when spread to paranasal sinuses
  • head ring spot = ring-enhancing brain lesions
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10
Q

Cue:

  • frogs
A

frogs = amphibians = Amphotericin B for tx of angioinvasive dz

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11
Q

Dx?

  • a cat
A

catalase positive

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12
Q

What does angioinvasive aspergillosis look like on light microscopy?

A

acute angle septate hyphae invading blood vessels and the surrounding tissues

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13
Q

Cue:

  • cow with a liver-shaped spot grazing next to a tractor with a crab on it
A
  • liver spot = hepatocellular carcinoma
  • crab = CA
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14
Q

How can Angioinvasive aspergillosis be distinguished from TB?

A

Aspergillosis will have ring-enhancing lesions on CT

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15
Q

What is Aspergillus fumigatus?

A

a fungi

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16
Q

What s/s does Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis (ABPA) cause?

A
  • wheezing
  • fever
  • migrating pulmonary infiltrates
17
Q

Who gets angioinvasive aspergillosis?

A

immunocompromised pts (esp neutropenia from leukemia/lymphoma)

18
Q

What is the tx for Aspergillis infections?

A
  • -conazoles (esp VORIconazole) for less serious
  • surgical debridement
  • Amphotericin B for angioinvasive dz
19
Q

Cue:

  • Farm worker with a cane, sweaty and coughing up blood, is standing next to a sprinkler system with red hoses
A
  • angioinvasive aspergillosis:
  • cane = immunocompromised
  • sweaty = fever
  • coughing up blood = hemoptysis
  • red hoses = blood vessels invaded by aspergillis
20
Q

Cue:

  • pinecones within a vortex
A

-conazoles (esp VORIconazole) = tx for less serious Aspergillis infections

21
Q

How could the cause of necrosis of paranasal sinuses and nose be differentiated?

A
  • Mucor = right angle branching
  • Aspergillosis = acute angle branching
22
Q

______ are extremely carcinogenic, esp. for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

A

Aflatoxins

23
Q

ASpergillus

A

Acute Septate

24
Q

Cue:

  • sweaty farm worker carrying an inhaler labeled “IgE”, running underneath the airplane
A
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis (ABPA):
  • sweaty = fever
  • inhaler = asthma, wheezing, CF pts
  • IgE = increased IgE in Type I hypersensitivity rxn
  • running = migratory (pulm infiltrate)
  • airplane = labeled ABPA
25
Q

Ddx?

  • fever
  • neuro deficits
  • cough/PNA symptoms
  • hx of TB
A
  • TB
  • Aspergillosis (will have ring-enhancing lesions on CT)
26
Q

What are the 3 infections that Aspergillus causes?

A
  1. Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis (ABPA)
  2. Aspergillomas
  3. Angioinvasive aspergillosis
27
Q

Cue:

  • peanut plant and a wheat field
A

peanuts and wheat –> aflatoxins –> also produced by Aspergillus FLAVIS –> hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

Name 2 fungi that are catalase positive.

A
  1. Candida albicans
  2. Aspergillus fumigatus
29
Q

Aflatoxins are extremely carcinogenic, esp. for the development of _______.

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

30
Q

Dx?

  • acute angle septate hyphae invading blood vessels and the surrounding tissues
A

Angioinvasive aspergillosis of Aspergillis

31
Q

Cue:

  • crop duster flying over an asparagus farm
A

Aspergillus fumigatus

32
Q

Cue:

  • farmworker coughing into a napkin next to a cactus with peanuts at the bottom of it
A
  • coughing = aspergillomas (fungus balls w/i the lungs)
  • cactus = TB cavities (pts with these are susceptible to aspergillomas)
  • peanuts at bottom = aspergillomas are gravity dependent (will be on bottom of upright CXR)
33
Q

How is Aspergillus transmitted?

A

conidiophores with fruiting bodies are inhaled

34
Q

Cue:

  • peanut plant with acute-angle branching and septae and yellow flowers
A
  • Aspergillus hyphae branch at acute angles and have septations
  • flowers look like conidiophores with fruiting bodies (their inhalation = transmission)
35
Q

What immunoglobulin will be increased in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgE

Lindsey's Sketchy Parasites and Fungi (32 decks)

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