Senses and perception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two branches of a sensory neuron?

A

Periphery branch
CNS branch

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2
Q

What is a nociceptor?

A

Pain receptor

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3
Q

What does the distribution of receptor endings define?

A

A neurons receptive field

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4
Q

Where will you find small and large receptive fields?

A

Small in the periphery and large in the trunk

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5
Q

What is the normal typical resting potential?

A

-70mV

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6
Q

What are ionotropic receptors?

A

Fast kinetics
Ion channels that open in response to the binding of a neurotransmitters

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7
Q

What is found on the extracellular side of a ionotropic chemoreceptors?

A

Ligand binding sites

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8
Q

How does a G protein coupled chemoreceptor work?

A

Much slower rate of action
Ligand binding site, which trigger G protein to open Ion channel

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9
Q

What does the intensity of the stimulus code for?

A

AP frequency
Number of neurons activated

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10
Q

What is the duration of the stimulus coded by?

A

Real time duration of AP firing

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11
Q

What is a slowly adapting response?

A

Large no of APS at the start of stimulus and less at the end

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12
Q

What is a rapidly adapting response?

A

Rapid APs at the onset of the stimulus and then becomes silent

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13
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex?

A

The middle of brain behind primary motor cortex

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14
Q

Why is the sensory homunculus distorted body map?

A

The larger regions of the body have larger receptor fields so don’t require as much of the cortex, the smaller areas such as fingertips have numerous receptor fields so require a larger cortical representation

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15
Q

What type of nerve endings do nociceptors have?

A

Free nerve endings

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16
Q

What are some different examples of mechanoreceptor endings in skin?

A

Merkel Disk
Hair follicle receptor
Ruffini ending

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17
Q

What does a peripheral nerve contain?

A

Axons from two functionally distinct types of nerve cells

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18
Q

What can sensory and motor neurons be known as?

A

Sensory - Afferent
Motor - Efferent

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19
Q

What are large bundles of axons called?

A

Fascicle

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20
Q

What strong connective tissue surrounds groups of axons?

A

Epineurium

21
Q

What surround an individual fascicle?

A

Perineurium

22
Q

Why are blood vessels found in peripheral nerves?

A

Supply nutrients for AP’s, requires O2 and Glucose and also removed bi-products

23
Q

What are the 2 types of axons in a peripheral nerve?

A

Myelinated
Unmyelinated

24
Q

What type of receptors usually have A ALPHA type of myelinated axon?

A

Proprioceptors of skeletal muscle
High speed AP

25
What type of receptors are associated with A BETA myelinated axons?
Mechanoreceptors of skin
26
What type of receptors are associated with A DELTA myelinated axons?
Pain and temperature
27
What type of receptors are associated with C class myelinated axons?
Temperature, pain and itch
28
What are the three sections of grey matter?
Dorsal horn Intermediate horn Ventral horn
29
Where are motor neurons cell bodies found?
Inside ventral horn
30
Dorsal roots enter Ventral roots exit!!!!
31
What is a dermatome map?
Sensory neurons projecting to different segments of the spinal chord
32
What is a myotome map?
Map to show which segment of the spine innervates each motor neuron
33
What components of the Trigeminal nerve V are sensory?
Ophthalmic branch Maxillary nerve
34
What branch of the trigeminal nerve has both sensory and motor functions?
Mandibular
35
What is mechanoreception?
Reception of touch
36
What is nociception?
Reception of pain
37
What are the three main neurons in the sensory pathway?
Primary sensory neuron Secondary sensory neuron Tertiary sensory neuron
38
Where would you find the primary sensory neuron?
The periphery and terminals in the CNS
39
Where would you find the secondary sensory neurons?
Spinal chord or brain stem
40
The secondary sensory neuron relays information to where?
The other side of the body
41
DRAW THE DORSAL COLUMN-MEDIAL LEMNISCAL PATHWAY
42
What is the somatic mechanosensation around the face conducted by??
Trigeminal nerve
43
DRAW POSTERIOR (DORSAL) TRIGEMINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY
44
DRAW SPINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY (pain)
45
DRAW ANTERIOR (ventral) TRIGEMINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY
46
What is sensation?
The process of sensing our environment by activation of sensory receptors
47
What is perception
The interpretation of sensory input
48
What is stereognosis?
The mental perception of objects referenced by touch stimuli
49
What is proprioception?
The ability to sense of self movement and body position