Gingival and periodontal disease Flashcards
What is periodontology?
The study of the periodontal
tissues in health and disease,
including the causes, prevention
and treatment of diseases of the
periodontal tissues.
What are the periodontal tissues?
Gingivae
Periodontal Ligament
Root cementum
Alveolar bone
What is periodontal disease?
A group of diseases affecting the periodontal
tissues, representing an immune reaction (innate
and adaptive) to adjacent microbial plaque.
What is inflammation?
Biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process
What are cardinal signs of inflammation?
Pain (dolor)
Heat (calor)
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (tumor)
Loss of function (functio laesa)
What general health factors will effect your risk of having periodontal disease?
Stress
Fatigue
Smoking
Diet
Medications
Hygienic habits
What pathological factors will effect your risk of having periodontal disease?
Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoxia
Liver diseases
What are non-modifiable systemic risk factors effecting periodontal disease?
Aging
Genetic Factors
What are modifiable systemic risk factors effecting periodontal disease?
Smoking
Poorly controlled diabetes
Stress
Medication
Nutrition
Socioeconomic status
Hormonal changes
What are acquired local risk factors effecting periodontal disease?
Plaque
Calculus
Overhanging
Poorly contoured restorations
What are anatomical local risk factors effecting periodontal disease?
Malpositioned teeth
root groves
concavities
furcation’s
enamel pearls
What is a biofilm?
A biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells
adhere to each other on a surface. These adherent cells are
embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular
polymeric substance (EPS) – DNA, proteins, polysaccharide.
What type of infection is dental plaque?
Polymicrobial infection
How is biofilm formed on the surface of the teeth?
Pellicle is formed
Adhesion occurs, trailblazing bacteria- streptococcus
Growth
Mature
What is keystone bacteria?
Low- abundance microbial pathogens which can cause inflammatory disease by increasing the quantity of the normal microbiota and by changing its composition and by interfering with the host immune system
